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arXiv 2301.01581cond-mat.stat-mech
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随机游动传播过程中稀有事件统计量的普适到非普适转变

Universal to Non-Universal Transition of the statistics of Rare Events During the Spread of Random Walks

R. K. Singh, Stanislav Burov

摘要:

颗粒跳跃是非均匀介质中的一种常见特征。我们探索这样的运动,使用广泛适用的连续时间随机游走的形式主义,并专注于罕见事件的统计。大量的实验已经表明,描述稀有事件统计的位置概率密度函数P(X,t)的衰减呈现普适指数衰减。我们表明,这种普遍性不再存在,一旦越过粒子跳跃的指数分布的阈值。虽然平均跳数没有发散,可以达到一个有限的值,过渡本身是至关重要的。罕见事件的指数普适性是由于在该过程中占据的所有不同状态的贡献而产生的。一旦超过了报告的阈值,一个单一的大事件就决定了统计数据。在这个领域,大跳跃原理取代了大偏差原理,并且衰变的空间部分不受罕见事件的时间特性的影响。

英文摘要:

Particle hopping is a common feature in heterogeneous media. We explore such motion by using the widely applicable formalism of the continuous time random walk and focus on the statistics of rare events. Numerous experiments have shown that the decay of the positional probability density function P (X, t), describing the statistics of rare events, exhibits universal exponential decay. We show that such universality ceases to exist once the threshold of exponential distribution of particle hops is crossed. While the mean hop is not diverging and can attain a finite value; the transition itself is critical. The exponential universality of rare events arises due to the contribution of all the different states occupied during the process. Once the reported threshold is crossed, a single large event determines the statistics. In this realm, the big jump principle replaces the large deviation principle, and the spatial part of the decay is unaffected by the temporal properties of rare events.

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