在SPARC破裂中被动抑制逃逸电子所需的最小输运
On the minimum transport required to passively suppress runaway electrons in SPARC disruptions
摘要：
在[V.A. Izzo等人2022 Nucl. Fusion 62 096029]，与逃逸电子（RE）产生和传输的自洽演化耦合的热和电流猝灭（CQ）MHD的现有技术建模表明，非轴对称（n = 1）容器内线圈可以在超导体中的中断期间被动地防止RE束形成，一个紧凑的高场托卡马克计划在DT等离子体中实现聚变增益Q > 2。然而，这种抑制需要在磁岛和重新愈合的通量表面内的RE的有限传输;保守地假设在这些区域中的零传输导致RE电流的上限约为1 MA，而分裂前等离子体电流为约8.7 MA。进一步的研究发现，在r/a < 0.3，动能为0.2-15 MeV范围内的核局域电子对RE平台的形成贡献最大。然而，只有一个相对少量的运输，即扩散系数~18 $\mathrm{m^2/s}$，需要在核心中，以充分减轻这些REs。适当占（一）CQ电场的影响，在岛上的RE运输和（ii）的贡献，显着的RE电流中断MHD可能有助于实现这一点。
英文摘要：
In [V.A. Izzo et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion 62 096029], state-of-the-art modeling of thermal and current quench (CQ) MHD coupled with a self-consistent evolution of runaway electron (RE) generation and transport showed that a non-axisymmetric (n = 1) in-vessel coil could passively prevent RE beam formation during disruptions in SPARC, a compact high-field tokamak projected to achieve a fusion gain Q > 2 in DT plasmas. However, such suppression requires finite transport of REs within magnetic islands and re-healed flux surfaces; conservatively assuming zero transport in these regions leads to an upper bound of RE current ~1 MA compared to ~8.7 MA of pre-disruption plasma current. Further investigation finds that core-localized electrons, within r/a < 0.3 and with kinetic energies 0.2-15 MeV, contribute most to the RE plateau formation. Yet only a relatively small amount of transport, i.e. a diffusion coefficient ~18 $\mathrm{m^2/s}$, is needed in the core to fully mitigate these REs. Properly accounting for (i) the CQ electric field's effect on RE transport in islands and (ii) the contribution of significant RE currents to disruption MHD may help achieve this.
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