双波段电光可控天线
Dual-band electro-optically steerable antenna
摘要：
在天线辐射方向图上获得动态控制的能力是在包括无线通信、雷达和许多其它应用的广泛应用中所期望的主要功能之一。广泛使用的方法包括利用天线孔径的机械扫描和阵列中的相位切换。这两种实现都有严重的局限性，涉及扫描速度和实施成本。在这里，我们展示了一种解决方案，其中天线图案与光信号切换。该系统包括一个有源元件，由一组圆柱形排列的无源偶极导向器包围，功能化与可调阻抗。控制电路实现为由光电二极管驱动的双极晶体管。在这种情况下，光照明充当触发器，能够关闭或打开晶体管，在两个值之间切换阻抗。根据这种方法，展示了一种紧凑的半波长足迹天线，能够在几毫秒的延迟内在6 dBi方向图之间切换。所开发的光激活方法允许构造具有多个几乎不相互作用的自由度的装置，因为不需要分支馈电网络。MHz的能力和多个电磁自由度之间的更快切换为新的无线应用开辟了道路，其中需要快速波束转向和波束成形性能。
英文摘要：
The ability to obtain dynamic control over an antenna radiation pattern is one of the main functions, desired in a vast range of applications, including wireless communications, radars, and many others. Widely used approaches include mechanical scanning with antenna apertures and phase switching in arrays. Both of those realizations have severe limitations, related to scanning speeds and implementation costs. Here we demonstrate a solution, where the antenna pattern is switched with optical signals. The system encompasses an active element, surrounded by a set of cylindrically arranged passive dipolar directors, functionalized with tunable impedances. The control circuit is realized as a bipolar transistor, driven by a photodiode. Light illumination in this case serves as a trigger, capable of either closing or opening the transistor, switching the impedance between two values. Following this approach, a compact half-a-wavelength footprint antenna, capable to switch between 6 dBi directional patterns within a few milliseconds latency was demonstrated. The developed light activation approach allows constructing devices with multiple almost non-interacting degrees of freedom, as brunched feeding network is not required. The capability of MHz and faster switching between multiple electromagnetic degrees of freedom open pathways to new wireless applications, where fast beam steering and beamforming performances are required.
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