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arXiv 2212.13752cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-elcond-mat.supr-con
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强相互作用费米气体超流转变的热成像

Thermography of the superfluid transition in a strongly interacting Fermi gas

Zhenjie Yan, Parth B. Patel, Biswaroop Mukherjee, Chris J. Vale, Richard J. Fletcher, Martin Zwierlein

AI总结:

本文利用射频光谱实现强相互作用费米气体的热成像,直接观测到从热扩散到第二声传播的超流相变,并验证了Landau二流体流体力学性质。

摘要:

热传输是所有物理系统的一项基本属性,可作为识别不同物质状态的指纹。在正常液体中,热点会扩散,而在超流体中,热以被称为第二声的波的形式传播。尽管它对理解量子材料很重要,但直接对热传输进行成像极具挑战性,人们通常只能求助于检测次级效应,如密度或压力的变化。在此,我们确立了对强相互作用原子费米气体的热成像,这是一个典型的系统,其性质与强关联电子、核物质和中子星有关。正如发光金属的颜色能揭示其温度一样,相互作用费米气体的射频光谱提供了具有亚纳开尔文分辨率的空间分辨测温。超流相变被直接观察到,表现为从热扩散到第二声传播的突变,并伴随着第二声扩散率的峰值。该方法产生了强相互作用费米气体的完整热和密度响应,从而获得了Landau二流体流体力学的所有定义性质。我们的测量为强相互作用费米物质中的输运理论提供了基准。

英文摘要:

Heat transport is a fundamental property of all physical systems and can serve as a fingerprint identifying different states of matter. In a normal liquid a hot spot diffuses while in a superfluid heat propagates as a wave called second sound. Despite its importance for understanding quantum materials, direct imaging of heat transport is challenging, and one usually resorts to detecting secondary effects, such as changes in density or pressure. Here we establish thermography of a strongly interacting atomic Fermi gas, a paradigmatic system whose properties relate to strongly correlated electrons, nuclear matter and neutron stars. Just as the color of a glowing metal reveals its temperature, the radiofrequency spectrum of the interacting Fermi gas provides spatially resolved thermometry with sub-nanokelvin resolution. The superfluid phase transition is directly observed as the sudden change from thermal diffusion to second sound propagation, and is accompanied by a peak in the second sound diffusivity. The method yields the full heat and density response of the strongly interacting Fermi gas, and therefore all defining properties of Landau's two-fluid hydrodynamics. Our measurements serve as a benchmark for theories of transport in strongly interacting fermionic matter.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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