暗光子超辐射：电动力学与多信使信号
Dark photon superradiance: Electrodynamics and multimessenger signals
AI总结：
本文研究旋转黑洞周围暗光子超辐射云的动力学混合电动力学，采用电阻磁流体力学和脉冲星磁层模拟技术，指出湍动磁重联产生可达10^43 erg/s的周期性X射线辐射，并提出多信使搜索策略。
摘要：
我们研究了通过旋转黑洞周围超辐射形成的、具有动力学混合的暗光子云的电动力学，并设计了搜索由此产生的多信使信号的策略。暗光子超辐射云会产生一个旋转的暗电磁场，该场通过动力学混合诱导出一个旋转的可见电磁场。进入该场的标准模型带电粒子会引发一个短暂的粒子产生阶段，在云内部填充等离子体，并形成一个在定性特征上与脉冲星磁层相似的系统。我们使用适用于强磁化等离子体的电阻磁流体力学方法研究暗光子云的电动力学，并改编了脉冲星磁层模拟中的技术。我们将湍动磁场重联确定为耗散和电磁辐射的主要来源，并计算出对于开放的暗光子参数空间，恒星级质量黑洞周围云的峰值光度可高达10^43 erg/s。该辐射预计具有显著的X射线成分，并可能具有周期性，周期由暗光子质量决定。其光度可与宇宙中最亮的X射线源相比，从而允许使用现有望远镜在最远数百Mpc的距离上进行搜索。我们讨论了观测策略，包括对恒星级质量黑洞并合进行有针对性的电磁后续观测，以及对异常脉冲星进行有针对性的连续引力波搜索。
英文摘要：
We study the electrodynamics of a kinetically mixed dark photon cloud that forms through superradiance around a spinning black hole, and design strategies to search for the resulting multimessenger signals. A dark photon superradiance cloud sources a rotating dark electromagnetic field which, through kinetic mixing, induces a rotating visible electromagnetic field. Standard model charged particles entering this field initiate a transient phase of particle production that populates a plasma inside the cloud and leads to a system which shares qualitative features with a pulsar magnetosphere. We study the electrodynamics of the dark photon cloud with resistive magnetohydrodynamics methods applicable to highly magnetized plasma, adapting techniques from simulations of pulsar magnetospheres. We identify turbulent magnetic field reconnection as the main source of dissipation and electromagnetic emission, and compute the peak luminosity from clouds around solar-mass black holes to be as large as $10^{43}$ erg/s for open dark photon parameter space. The emission is expected to have a significant X-ray component and is potentially periodic, with period set by the dark photon mass. The luminosity is comparable to the brightest X-ray sources in the Universe, allowing for searches at distances of up to hundreds of Mpc with existing telescopes. We discuss observational strategies, including targeted electromagnetic follow-ups of solar-mass black hole mergers and targeted continuous gravitational wave searches of anomalous pulsars.
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