SYNCA：用于Project 8合作组的合成回旋加速器天线
SYNCA: A Synthetic Cyclotron Antenna for the Project 8 Collaboration
AI总结：
本研究为Project 8合作组的CRES中微子质量测量实验研发了合成回旋加速器天线SYNCA，其辐射特性匹配真实回旋辐射，可用于测试相控天线阵列的信号重构性能。
摘要：
回旋辐射发射光谱法（Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy, CRES）是一种通过精确测量带电粒子在磁场中运动产生的回旋辐射频率，来测定带电粒子动能的技术。Project 8合作组正在开发一项基于CRES的下一代中微子质量测量实验。其中一种方案是使用环绕氚气体积的相控天线阵列，来探测并测量由此产生的β衰变电子的回旋辐射。为验证该方法的可行性，Project 8设计了一个测试台，用以基准测试天线阵列在重构模拟真实CRES事件信号方面的性能。为生成合成CRES事件，研究人员开发了一种新型探针天线，其发射的辐射特性与带电粒子在磁场中产生的回旋辐射相似。本文概述了这种合成回旋加速器天线（Synthetic Cyclotron Antenna, SYNCA）的设计、构建与表征工作。此外，我们开展了一系列利用SYNCA测试数字波束形成重构技术位置重构能力的测量实验。研究发现，SYNCA产生的辐射特性与回旋辐射的预期特性高度吻合，并且在实验上复现了真实CRES信号数字波束形成模拟的现象学特征。
英文摘要：
Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) is a technique for measuring the kinetic energy of charged particles through a precision measurement of the frequency of the cyclotron radiation generated by the particle's motion in a magnetic field. The Project 8 collaboration is developing a next-generation neutrino mass measurement experiment based on CRES. One approach is to use a phased antenna array, which surrounds a volume of tritium gas, to detect and measure the cyclotron radiation of the resulting $β$-decay electrons. To validate the feasibility of this method, Project 8 has designed a test stand to benchmark the performance of an antenna array at reconstructing signals that mimic those of genuine CRES events. To generate synthetic CRES events, a novel probe antenna has been developed, which emits radiation with characteristics similar to the cyclotron radiation produced by charged particles in magnetic fields. This paper outlines the design, construction, and characterization of this Synthetic Cyclotron Antenna (SYNCA). Furthermore, we perform a series of measurements that use the SYNCA to test the position reconstruction capabilities of the digital beamforming reconstruction technique. We find that the SYNCA produces radiation with characteristics closely matching those expected for cyclotron radiation and reproduces experimentally the phenomenology of digital beamforming simulations of true CRES signals.
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