一种基于电子桥激发的钍-229原子核激发方案
A scheme for excitation of thorium-229 nuclei based on the electronic bridge excitaion
AI总结：
针对钍-229核第一激发态难以直接激光激发的问题，提出利用$^{229}$Th$^{3+}$线性库仑晶体及电子桥过程的激发方案，可将能量不确定性缩小至GHz量级。
摘要：
钍-229具有最低的原子核第一激发态，能量约为8 eV。该原子核第一激发态极窄的线宽以及53 THz的不确定性阻碍了直接激光激发和核钟的实现。我们提出一项方案，采用由$^{229}$Th$^{3+}$离子形成的线性链库仑晶体，通过电子桥（EB）过程激发离子阱中$^{229}$Th$^{3+}$离子的原子核。选择钍-229核基态原子的7$P_{1/2}$态用于EB激发。在实验条件下使用二能级光学Bloch方程，我们计算出库仑晶体中所制备的36个钍离子里有2个可被激发至原子核第一激发态，扫描0.22 eV的不确定性范围约需2小时。借助EB的跃迁增强和库仑晶体的长期稳定性，第一激发态的能量不确定性可被限制在1 GHz量级。
英文摘要：
Thorium-229 possesses the lowest nuclear first excited state with an energy of about 8 eV. The extremely narrow linewidth of the nuclear first excited state with the uncertainty of 53 THz prevents the direct laser excitation and the realization of the nuclear clock. We present a proposal using the Coulomb crystal of a linear chain formed by the $^{229}$Th$^{3+}$ ions, the nuclei of $^{229}$Th$^{3+}$ ions in the ion trap are excited by the electronic bridge (EB) process. The 7$P_{1/2}$ state of the thorium-229 nuclear ground state is chosen for the EB excitation. Using the two-level optical Bloch equation under experimental conditions, we calculate that 2 out of 36 prepared thorium ions in the Coulomb crystal can be excited to the nuclear first excited state, and it takes about 2 hours to scan over the uncertainty of 0.22 eV. Taking the advantage of transition enhancement of the EB and the long stability of the Coulomb crystal, the energy uncertainty of the first excited state can be limited to the order of 1 GHz.
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