A thorough analysis of the emission via the magnetic dipole (MD) transition, called magnetic light below, of trivalent rare-earth ions in or near dielectric homogeneous spheres has been performed. In the search for enhancement of fluorescence from magnetic light, one faces the difficult task of identifying the regions where the combined fluorescence due to multiple electric dipole (ED) transitions becomes negligible compared to the fluorescence of the MD transition. We have succeeded in identifying a number of configurations with dielectric sphere parameters and a radial position of a trivalent rare-earth emitter wherein the branching ratio of the MD transition approaches its limit of one, implying that transitions from a given initial level (e.g., $^5$D$_0$-level of Eu$^{3+}$) are completely dominated by the MD transition. The dimensionless directivity of the MD emission, the radiative decay rates, and the fluorescence of the magnetic light can be increased by a factor of more than $25$, $10^3$, and $10^4$, respectively.
本文提出了一种用Paul阱测量单离子瞬态荧光动力学的方法。我们使用表现出$Λ$型三能级系统的$^{40}$ Ca $^+$离子,并测量了基态$S_{1/2}$和亚稳态$D_{3/2}$能级之间的特征光泵浦时间。我们先制备其中一个态,然后通过激发态$P_{1/2}$将其抽运到相反的态。通过测量离子的散射光子,我们得到了原子荧光的瞬态曲线。这些曲线提供了关于原子系统的基本信息,如分支分数和激发态寿命,以及实验参数,如检测系统的效率和其中一个跃迁的饱和参数。最后,我们研究了随时间变化的荧光与光功率和激光失谐量的关系,发现与通过一组光学Bloch方程模拟三能级开放量子系统的动力学非常一致。能够记录时间相关的荧光是特别感兴趣的,因为它包含有关离子的温度,冷却和加热动力学的信息。
High-resolution spectroscopy of single Pr$^{3+}$ ions on the $^3$H$_4$-$^1$D$_2$ transition
晶体中的稀土离子表现出窄的光谱特征和超精细分裂的基态,具有非常长的相干时间。这些特性使它们成为固态量子信息处理的理想平台。最近,我们报道了第一个高分辨率光谱的单一Pr $^{3+}$离子在硅酸钇(YSO)纳米晶体。虽然在该工作中,我们研究了较少探索的$^3$ H $_4$ - $^3$ P $_0$跃迁在488 nm的波长,在这里,我们将我们的研究扩展到$^3$ H $_4$ - $^1$ D $_2$跃迁在606 nm。此外,我们目前的测量的二阶自相关函数,荧光寿命,单离子的发射光谱,以及它们的偏振依赖于这两个过渡,这些数据都没有达到的第一个实验报告较早。此外,我们表明,通过适当的选择的微晶,可以获得更窄的光谱线,从而解决激发态的超精细水平。我们希望我们的研究结果能够使单离子光谱学更广泛地应用于科学界。