从随机 Gaussian 态中提取 Gaussian 功几乎不可能
Gaussian work extraction from random Gaussian states is nearly impossible
AI总结：
本文利用测度集中现象证明，能量有界的多模随机 Gaussian 态在 Gaussian 酉操作下产生非零可提取功的概率指数级小，给出 Gaussian 功提取的 ε-不可行定理。
摘要：
量子热力学可以自然地表述为关于经历热力学过程的小规模量子系统的量子态变换与能量交换理论，因此资源理论方法非常适合。热力学中的一种关键资源是可提取功，它构成了热机的支柱。因此，依据量子态作为功来源的能力来刻画量子态是有意义的。从近期视角看，量子光学装置被证明是量子热力学的理想试验台；因此评估从量子光学态中提取功十分重要。在本文中，我们证明 Gaussian 态通常对 Gaussian 功提取毫无用处。更具体地说，通过利用“测度集中”现象，我们证明：从零均值、能量有界的多模随机 Gaussian 态中可提取的 Gaussian 功非零的概率呈指数级小。该结果可被视为在 Gaussian 酉变换下从 Gaussian 态提取功的 ε-不可行定理，从而揭示了 Gaussian 组件在量子热力学有用性方面的一个根本限制。
英文摘要：
Quantum thermodynamics can be naturally phrased as a theory of quantum state transformation and energy exchange for small-scale quantum systems undergoing thermodynamical processes, thereby making the resource theoretical approach very well suited. A key resource in thermodynamics is the extractable work, forming the backbone of thermal engines. Therefore it is of interest to characterize quantum states based on their ability to serve as a source of work. From a near-term perspective, quantum optical setups turn out to be ideal test beds for quantum thermodynamics; so it is important to assess work extraction from quantum optical states. Here, we show that Gaussian states are typically useless for Gaussian work extraction. More specifically, by exploiting the ``concentration of measure'' phenomenon, we prove that the probability that the Gaussian extractable work from a zero-mean energy-bounded multimode random Gaussian state is nonzero is exponentially small. This result can be thought of as an $ε$-no-go theorem for work extraction from Gaussian states under Gaussian unitaries, thereby revealing a fundamental limitation on the quantum thermodynamical usefulness of Gaussian components.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
