儿童期接触使用替代品的技术的长期影响
The long-term effect of childhood exposure to technology using surrogates
摘要：
我们使用1961-2019年丹麦的微观数据，研究了5-15岁时通过父母的职业接触技术如何影响45-49岁时收入方面的社会阶梯攀登能力。我们对技术接触的衡量涵盖了从事某项职业所需使用计算机（硬件和软件）的程度，它是通过将职业代码与O*NET的详细数据合并而创建的。估计这种效应的挑战在于，长期结果是在与我们感兴趣的治疗不同的时间范围内观察到的。因此，我们采用了替代指标方法，将儿童期治疗对中间替代指标（如25-29岁的收入和教育）的影响与对成年收入的影响联系起来。我们估计，一个标准误差的增加，在接触技术增加了2%的收入排名点，这是经济和统计上显着的和强大的家庭内的集群相关性。由此得出的政策建议是更新教育课程，让儿童更大程度地接触计算机，这可能会成为社会平等主义者。
英文摘要：
We study how childhood exposure to technology at ages 5-15 via the occupation of the parents affects the ability to climb the social ladder in terms of income at ages 45-49 using the Danish micro data from years 1961-2019. Our measure of technology exposure covers the degree to which using computers (hardware and software) is required to perform an occupation, and it is created by merging occupational codes with detailed data from O*NET. The challenge in estimating this effect is that long-term outcome is observed over a different time horizon than our treatment of interest. We therefore adapt the surrogate index methodology, linking the effect of our childhood treatment on intermediate surrogates, such as income and education at ages 25-29, to the effect on adulthood income. We estimate that a one standard error increase in exposure to technology increases the income rank by 2\%-points, which is economically and statistically significant and robust to cluster-correlation within families. The derived policy recommendation is to update the educational curriculum to expose children to computers to a higher degree, which may then act as a social leveler.
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