横质量尾迹的曲折故事
A twisted tale of the transverse-mass tail
AI总结：
本研究提出不同对撞机W玻色子质量测量差异或源于对丢失动量的误读，通过含新物理粒子的模型定量验证该可能性，发现该粒子经场重定义后为类轴子粒子的变体。
摘要：
我们提出了一种颇具吸引力的可能性：对重建的丢失动量的误读，可能导致了不同对撞机实验中W玻色子质量测量结果之间观测到的差异。我们提出了一种原理验证性的物理图景，其特征是一种新物理粒子，该粒子可在强子对撞中与W玻色子伴随产生，并对探测器中观测到的净丢失动量有贡献。我们表明，这些奇异事件能以相当高的概率通过多个合作组施加的筛选标准。因此，即便仅存在少量这类事件，基于“丢失动量主要由中微子导致（如标准模型中的情况）”这一假设的拟合，得到的W玻色子质量会与其真实值存在偏差。此外，最佳拟合质量取决于对撞机的类型以及对撞的质心系能量。我们构建了一个最简模型，在满足现有约束的同时定量证明了这种可能性。有趣的是，我们发现这种新物理粒子的性质及其相互作用，在经过场重定义后表现为类轴子粒子物理的一种变体。
英文摘要：
We propose a tantalizing possibility that misinterpretation of the reconstructed missing momentum may have yielded the observed discrepancies among measurements of the $W$-mass in different collider experiments. We introduce a proof-of-principle scenario characterized by a new physics particle, which can be produced associated with the $W$-boson in hadron collisions and contributes to the net missing momentum observed in a detector. We show that these exotic events pass the selection criteria imposed by various collaborations at reasonably high rates. Consequently, in the presence of even a handful of these events, a fit based on the ansatz that the missing momentum is primarily due to neutrinos (as it happens in the Standard Model), yields a $W$-boson mass that differs from its true value. Moreover, the best fit mass depends on the nature of the collider and the center-of-mass energy of collisions. We construct a barebones model that demonstrates this possibility quantitatively while satisfying current constraints. Interestingly, we find that the nature of the new physics particle and its interactions appear as a variation of the physics of Axion-like particles after a field redefinition.
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