欧洲教育机会不平等与流动性
Educational Inequality of Opportunity and Mobility in Europe
摘要：
教育成就产生劳动力市场回报、社会收益，并对个人具有内在价值。我们研究教育程度分布中的机会不平等（IOp）和代际流动性。我们建议使用基于基尼系数和平均对数偏差（MLD）的去偏IOp估计器，这些估计器对机器学习偏差具有鲁棒性。我们还测量了每种情况对IOp的影响，我们提供了测试来比较两个人群中的IOp，并测试一组情况的联合显著性。我们发现，在欧洲国家，38%到74%的教育不平等是由环境因素造成的。在大多数国家，母亲的教育是最重要的情况。有很高的代际持久性，有证据表明，教育了不起的盖茨比曲线。我们还构建了IOp意识教育了不起的盖茨比曲线，发现高收入IOp国家也是高教育IOp和流动性较低的国家。
英文摘要：
Educational attainment generates labor market returns, societal gains and has intrinsic value for individuals. We study Inequality of Opportunity (IOp) and intergenerational mobility in the distribution of educational attainment. We propose to use debiased IOp estimators based on the Gini coefficient and the Mean Logarithmic Deviation (MLD) which are robust to machine learning biases. We also measure the effect of each circumstance on IOp, we provide tests to compare IOp in two populations and to test joint significance of a group of circumstances. We find that circumstances explain between 38\% and 74\% of total educational inequality in European countries. Mother's education is the most important circumstance in most countries. There is high intergenerational persistence and there is evidence of an educational Great Gatsby curve. We also construct IOp aware educational Great Gatsby curves and find that high income IOp countries are also high educational IOp and less mobile countries.
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