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arXiv 2212.01698cs.DCcs.AI
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异构人工智能工作负载的精确能耗测量

Precise Energy Consumption Measurements of Heterogeneous Artificial Intelligence Workloads

Karlsruhe Insitute of Technology (KIT)(卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院);German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ)(德国癌症研究中心)
René Caspart, Sebastian Ziegler, Arvid Weyrauch, Holger Obermaier, Simon Raffeiner, Leon Pascal Schuhmacher, Jan Scholtyssek, Darya Trofimova, Marco Nolden, Ine… 展开作者

René Caspart, Sebastian Ziegler, Arvid Weyrauch, Holger Obermaier, Simon Raffeiner, Leon Pascal Schuhmacher, Jan Scholtyssek, Darya Trofimova, Marco Nolden, Ines Reinartz, Fabian Isensee, Markus Götz, Charlotte Debus

摘要:

随着近年来人工智能的兴起和模型复杂性的增加,对计算资源不断增长的需求开始构成重大挑战。对更高计算能力的需求正在通过越来越强大的加速器和大型计算集群的使用来满足。然而,在分布式和加速系统上训练的大型模型的预测准确性的提高是以能源需求大幅增加为代价的,研究人员已经开始质疑这种人工智能方法的环境友好性。因此,能源效率对AI模型开发人员和基础设施运营商都起着重要作用。AI工作负载的能耗取决于模型实现和使用的硬件。因此,准确测量不同类型计算节点上AI工作流的功耗是算法改进以及未来计算集群和硬件设计的关键。为此,我们在不同类型的计算节点上测量了深度学习模型的两个典型应用的能耗。我们的研究结果表明,1。直接从运行时导出能耗是不准确的,但是需要考虑计算节点的消耗关于其组成; 2.忽略混合节点上的加速器硬件导致关于能量消耗的超比例低效率; 3.模型训练和推理的能耗应该分开考虑-虽然GPU上的训练在运行时间和能耗方面优于所有其他节点类型,但CPU节点上的推理可以是高效的。这种方法的一个优点是,超级计算机的所有用户都可以获得有关能耗的信息,从而可以轻松地转移到其他工作负载,同时提高用户对能耗的认识。

英文摘要:

With the rise of AI in recent years and the increase in complexity of the models, the growing demand in computational resources is starting to pose a significant challenge. The need for higher compute power is being met with increasingly more potent accelerators and the use of large compute clusters. However, the gain in prediction accuracy from large models trained on distributed and accelerated systems comes at the price of a substantial increase in energy demand, and researchers have started questioning the environmental friendliness of such AI methods at scale. Consequently, energy efficiency plays an important role for AI model developers and infrastructure operators alike. The energy consumption of AI workloads depends on the model implementation and the utilized hardware. Therefore, accurate measurements of the power draw of AI workflows on different types of compute nodes is key to algorithmic improvements and the design of future compute clusters and hardware. To this end, we present measurements of the energy consumption of two typical applications of deep learning models on different types of compute nodes. Our results indicate that 1. deriving energy consumption directly from runtime is not accurate, but the consumption of the compute node needs to be considered regarding its composition; 2. neglecting accelerator hardware on mixed nodes results in overproportional inefficiency regarding energy consumption; 3. energy consumption of model training and inference should be considered separately - while training on GPUs outperforms all other node types regarding both runtime and energy consumption, inference on CPU nodes can be comparably efficient. One advantage of our approach is that the information on energy consumption is available to all users of the supercomputer, enabling an easy transfer to other workloads alongside a raise in user-awareness of energy consumption.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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