网络结构下的横截面动态:理论与宏观经济应用
Dynamic Innovation Transmission Through Networks: Theory, Large T-Inference, and Business Cycles by Lagged Input-Output Conversion
AI总结:
本文提出NVAR模型用于分析网络结构下的横截面动态,并应用于宏观经济预测,显示其在解释产出持续性和预测精度上的显著优势。
摘要:
许多经济环境涉及通过网络连接的单位。我开发了一个计量经济学框架,该框架从双边链接的滞后创新传输中推导出横截面变量的动态,并能够容纳更高阶网络效应随时间积累的一般模式。所提出的NVAR将空间自回归视为在滞后网络互动频率无限高时的极限。NVAR的因子表示表明,通过限制因子动态,它自然地将稀疏因子作为网络中局部重要的节点进行整合。NVAR可用于估计动态网络效应。当网络被估计时,它还提供了一种用于建模高维过程的降维技术。在第一个应用中,我展示了在具有滞后投入产出转换的现实商业周期经济中,部门产出遵循NVAR。反过来,我估计了生产率冲击沿供应链动态传输对总体产出增长持续性的贡献为61%,剩余的持续性主要由外生生产率过程的自相关性发挥作用。在第二个应用中,我通过估计全球商业周期动态背后的网络来预测OECD国家的宏观经济指标。这使得在一步预测上的样本外均方误差相对于动态因子模型减少了12%(季度实际GDP增长)至68%(月度CPI通胀)。
英文摘要:
I develop an econometric framework that rationalizes the dynamics of a cross-sectional variable by lagged transmissions of innovations along bilateral links between units. While nesting the Spatial Autoregression and Spatial Error Model as limits and producing equivalent impulse-responses in the long run, the Network-Vector-Autoregression (NVAR) I propose can accommodate general transmission patterns over time and yields "networked" transition dynamics distinct from those implied by autocorrelated innovations. I discuss large $T$-inference conditional on a network. I then estimate an NVAR for US sectoral output, as derived under a Real Business Cycle economy with lagged input-output conversion. Under the preferred specification, lagged transmissions of productivity shocks along supply chains account for 85% of the persistence in aggregate output growth and reduce shock-variances relative to an economy with contemporaneous input-output conversion by 73% on average across sectors.
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