第一缕光与再电离时期模拟（FLARES）VIII. $z \geqslant 5$ 处被动星系的出现
First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) VIII. The Emergence of Passive Galaxies at $z \geqslant 5$
AI总结：
利用 FLARES/EAGLE 放大模拟预测 $z\geqslant5$ 被动星系，指出黑洞反馈抑制恒星形成，并提出新的静止系与 JWST 观测者系选择区域。
摘要：
被动星系在局域宇宙中无处不在，并且人们已经提出了导致这种被动性的多种物理途径。迄今为止，可靠的被动星系候选体已在最高 $z \leqslant 5$ 处被探测到，但它们是否存在于更高红移、其相对丰度如何，以及是什么导致它们停止形成恒星，仍然未知。我们展示来自第一缕光与再电离时期模拟（First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations，FLARES）的预测，这是一系列使用 EAGLE 代码、针对一系列过密度区域开展的放大模拟。在 EAGLE 模型中，被动星系在高红移自然出现，并且与 HST 以及 JWST 早期结果在 $3 \leqslant z \leqslant 5$ 处给出的数密度估计高度一致。得益于 FLARES 独特的方法，我们将这些预测扩展到更高红移，发现了一直到 $z \sim 8$ 的被动星系种群。来自超大质量黑洞的反馈是被动性的主要驱动因素，它导致气体比例和恒星形成气体储库减少。我们发现，$z \geqslant 5$ 的被动星系由于其恒星种群仍相对年轻，无法在典型的 UVJ 选择空间中被识别出来，因此我们提出了新的静止系选择区域。我们还给出了 NIRCam 和 MIRI 流量，并发现在即将开展的 JWST 宽场巡天中，应当能够探测到数量可观的 $z \geqslant 5$ 被动星系。最后，我们给出 JWST 颜色分布，并在观测者坐标系中提出用于识别这些早期被动种群的新选择区域。
英文摘要：
Passive galaxies are ubiquitous in the local universe, and various physical channels have been proposed that lead to this passivity. To date, robust passive galaxy candidates have been detected up to $z \leqslant 5$, but it is still unknown if they exist at higher redshifts, what their relative abundances are, and what causes them to stop forming stars. We present predictions from the First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES), a series of zoom simulations of a range of overdensities using the EAGLE code. Passive galaxies occur naturally in the EAGLE model at high redshift, and are in good agreement with number density estimates from HST and early JWST results at $3 \leqslant z \leqslant 5$. Due to the unique FLARES approach, we extend these predictions to higher redshifts, finding passive galaxy populations up to $z \sim 8$. Feedback from supermassive black holes is the main driver of passivity, leading to reduced gas fractions and star forming gas reservoirs. We find that passive galaxies at $z \geqslant 5$ are not identified in the typical UVJ selection space due to their still relatively young stellar populations, and present new rest--frame selection regions. We also present NIRCam and MIRI fluxes, and find that significant numbers of passive galaxies at $z \geqslant 5$ should be detectable in upcoming wide surveys with JWST. Finally, we present JWST colour distributions, with new selection regions in the observer--frame for identifying these early passive populations.
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