衰老和癌症中的最佳细胞间竞争
Optimal intercellular competition in senescence and cancer
摘要：
有效的多细胞性需要组成细胞之间的合作和竞争。合作意味着牺牲个人的健康来支持社区的健康，但过度的合作会使社区容易衰老和老化。竞争通过自然选择消除了不合适的衰老细胞，从而减缓了衰老，但过度的竞争使社区容易受到作弊者的影响，如癌症和癌症样现象。这些观察结果表明，在多细胞生物体中，细胞间竞争的最佳水平通过延迟衰老的不可避免性来最大化生物体的活力。我们量化这个想法使用统计力学框架，导致一个广义的复制动力系统的细胞群体，改变他们的活力和合作，由于体细胞突变，使他们容易衰老和/或癌症。通过考虑合作的成本和竞争的强度在一个最小的设置，我们表明，我们的模型预测的最佳值的竞争，最大限度地提高活力和延迟衰老或癌症的不可避免性。
英文摘要：
Effective multicellularity requires both cooperation and competition between constituent cells. Cooperation involves sacrificing individual fitness in favor of that of the community, but excessive cooperation makes the community susceptible to senescence and aging. Competition eliminates unfit senescent cells via natural selection and thus slows down aging, but excessive competition makes the community susceptible to cheaters, as exemplified by cancer and cancer-like phenomena. These observations suggest that an optimal level of intercellular competition in a multicellular organism maximizes organismal vitality by delaying the inevitability of aging. We quantify this idea using a statistical mechanical framework that leads to a generalized replicator dynamical system for the population of cells that change their vitality and cooperation due to somatic mutations that make them susceptible to aging and/or cancer. By accounting for the cost of cooperation and strength of competition in a minimal setting, we show that our model predicts an optimal value of competition that maximizes vitality and delays the inevitability of senescence or cancer.
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