表面Maxwell波中的隐对称保护与拓扑
Hidden Symmetry Protection and Topology in Surface Maxwell Waves
摘要：
自20世纪下半叶以来，金属在光学中的应用已经成为在深亚波长尺度上控制光的有前途的等离子体领域。金属表面的表面等离子体激元是等离子体学中的关键。然而，尽管等离子体激元学的历史很长，但产生表面波的潜在机制尚未完全理解。这项研究揭示了隐藏的对称保护，确保退化的电零模式的存在。这些零模被认为是表面等离子体激元的物理起源，并且类似的零模可以在时间边界处被直接激发。在实空间中，零模具有与表面阻抗相关的矢量场旋转。在研究表面阻抗的基础上，我们证明了体-边对应关系，该关系保证了即使在非均匀性的情况下表面等离子激元的存在。最后，我们利用一个具有对偶性的最小电路模型，提取了金属与电介质材料之间拓扑转换的物理基础。过渡被认为是电和磁零模式之间的交叉。
英文摘要：
Since the latter half of the 20th century, the use of metal in optics has become a promising plasmonics field for controlling light at a deep subwavelength scale. Surface plasmon polaritons localized on metal surfaces are crucial in plasmonics. However, despite the long history of plasmonics, the underlying mechanism producing the surface waves is not fully understood. This study unveils the hidden symmetry protection that ensures the existence of degenerated electric zero modes. These zero modes are identified as physical origins of surface plasmon polaritons, and similar zero modes can be directly excited at a temporal boundary. In real space, the zero modes possess vector-field rotation related to surface impedance. Focusing on the surface impedance, we prove the bulk-edge correspondence, which guarantees the existence of surface plasmon polaritons even with nonuniformity. Lastly, we extract the underlying physics in the topological transition between metal and dielectric material using a minimal circuit model with duality. The transition is considered the crossover between electric and magnetic zero modes.
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