基于超轻多层类泡沫框架结构的应变不变、高水稳定全有机软导体
Strain-invariant, highly water stable all-organic soft conductors based on ultralight multi-layered foam-like framework structures
AI总结：
本文提出一种基于 PEDOT:PSS 和 PTFE 的超轻多层类泡沫框架结构，实现了高电导率、抗疲劳、应变不变且高水稳定的全有机软导体，克服了传统软导体在形变和潮湿环境下性能下降的局限。
摘要：
柔软且柔性的导体在软体机器人、可穿戴电子产品以及电子组织和植入物的发展中至关重要。然而，传统的软导体在机械变形或交替环境条件（例如湿度）下，本质上具有电导率变化大的特征，极大地限制了其应用潜力和性能。在此，我们展示了一种用于开发应变不变、抗疲劳且高水稳定软导体的新概念。通过以三维方式结合不同的薄膜技术，我们开发了基于 PEDOT:PSS 和 PTFE 的纳米和微米级工程化、多层（< 50 nm）、超轻（< 15 mg/cm$^3$）类泡沫复合框架结构。该全有机复合框架结构的电导率高达 184 S/m，在 80% 压缩应变和 25% 拉伸应变之间保持应变不变。我们进一步表明，多层复合材料具有超越基于单一材料的框架结构的特性。即使在 50% 压缩下循环 2000 次后，复合框架结构的初始电学和机械性能在长期循环中依然得以保持。此外，PTFE 功能化使框架结构具有高疏水性，即使浸入水中长达 30 天，也能保持稳定的电学性能。本文提出的概念克服了以往应变不变软导体的局限性，并首次展示了一种多功能方法，用于开发创新的多尺度和多层功能材料，应用于软电子、能量存储与转换、传感、催化、水和空气净化以及生物医学。
英文摘要：
Soft and flexible conductors are essential in the development of soft robots, wearable electronics, as well as electronic tissue and implants. However, conventional soft conductors are inherently characterized by a large change in conductance upon mechanical deformation or under alternating environmental conditions, e.g., humidity, drastically limiting their application potential and performance. Here, we demonstrate a novel concept for the development of strain-invariant, fatigue resistant and highly water stable soft conductor. By combining different thin film technologies in a three-dimensional fashion, we develop nano- and micro-engineered, multi-layered (< 50 nm), ultra-lightweight (< 15 mg/cm$^3$) foam-like composite framework structures based on PEDOT:PSS and PTFE. The all-organic composite framework structures are characterized by conductivities of up to 184 S/m, remaining strain-invariant between 80 % compressive and 25 % tensile strain. We further show, that the multi-layered composites are characterized by properties that surpass that of framework structures based on the individual materials. Both, the initial electrical and mechanical properties of the composite framework structures are retained during long-term cycling, even after 2000 cycles at 50 % compression. Furthermore, the PTFE functionalization renders the framework structure highly hydrophobic, resulting in stable electrical properties, even when immersed in water for up to 30 days. The here presented concept overcomes the previous limitations of strain-invariant soft conductors and demonstrates for the first time a versatile approach for the development of innovative multi-scaled and multi-layered functional materials, for applications in soft electronics, energy storage and conversion, sensing, catalysis, water and air purification, as well as biomedicine.
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