一种用于流行病在易感人群中传播的相互作用粒子系统
An interacting particle system for the front of an epidemic advancing through a susceptible population
AI总结:
本文提出了一种相互作用粒子系统,通过异质扩散动力学来建模流行病的传播,而非传统 compartmental 模型中的人口层面外源性接触和传播率。每个个体有一个一维的保护水平,其演变由一个随机微分方程驱动,该方程在流行病前沿处反射。前沿由累积感染驱动,与前沿的碰撞代表有风险的情况,可能导致感染,这取决于一个非马尔可夫机制,涉及局部时间、内在传染性以及当前流行病中的传染性。文章给出了系统的严格构造,并开发了两个关键技术工具:感染比例的补偿鞅性质和一般结果,即在随机时间依赖的双射下,局部时间如何转换。前者导致新感染期望数的分解,类似于 SIR 模型中的相应分解。后者允许在适当条件后,将每个粒子的分布表示为带有漂移的广义弹性布朗运动。
摘要:
我们引入了一种相互作用粒子系统,该系统通过异质扩散动力学来建模流行病的传播,而不是传统 compartmental 模型中的人口层面外源性接触和传播率。每个个体有一个一维的保护水平,其演变由一个随机微分方程驱动,该方程在流行病前沿处反射。前沿由累积感染驱动,与前沿的碰撞代表有风险的情况,可能导致感染,这取决于一个非马尔可夫机制,涉及局部时间、内在传染性以及当前流行病中的传染性。我们给出了该系统的严格构造,并开发了两个关键技术工具:感染比例的补偿鞅性质和一般结果,即在随机时间依赖的双射下,局部时间如何转换。前者导致新感染期望数的分解,类似于 SIR 模型中的相应分解。后者允许在适当条件后,将每个粒子的分布表示为广义弹性布朗运动。
英文摘要:
We introduce an interacting particle system that models the spread of an epidemic in terms of heterogeneous diffusive dynamics, rather than exogenous contact and transmission rates at the population level as in classical compartmental models. Each individual has a one-dimensional level of shielding that evolves according to a stochastic differential equation reflected at the advancing front of the epidemic. The front is driven by cumulative infections, and collisions with it represent at-risk situations which may lead to infection depending on a non-Markovian mechanism that involves the local time, the intrinsic transmissibility, and the current contagiousness within the population. We give a rigorous construction of the system and develop two key technical tools: a compensated martingale property for the infected proportion and a general result on how local time transforms under a random time-dependent bijection of the state space. The former yields a decomposition of the expected number of new infections that parallels a corresponding decomposition in the SIR model. The latter allows us to represent the law of each particle, after suitable conditioning, as a generalised elastic Brownian motion with drift.
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