全时间分辨粒子计数器计数值的估算
Estimation of the number of counts on a particle counter detector with full time resolution
摘要：
我们提出了一个一般的方法，用于估计粒子撞击在一个分段计数器，或在一般情况下，在一个计数器与子单元的数量。我们考虑了未分辨的粒子，即，两个或多个粒子几乎同时撞击同一子单元的效果。为了实现全时间分辨率，我们考虑了粒子信号的第一个时间仓之后发生的死区时间。这种一般的计数方法可以应用于计数μ子在现有的探测器，如地下μ子探测器的皮埃尔俄歇天文台。因此，我们使用后者作为研究案例来测试我们的方法的性能，并将其与文献中的其他方法进行比较。我们的方法被证明执行偏差很小，并且还提供了作为时间函数（如检测器所见）的粒子数量的估计，以达到单个时间箱分辨率。在这种情况下，新方法可以用于重建对宇宙射线质量敏感的参数，这是揭示宇宙射线起源的关键。
英文摘要：
We present a general method for estimating the number of particles impinging on a segmented counter or, in general, on a counter with sub-units. We account for unresolved particles, i.e., the effect of two or more particles hitting the same sub-unit almost simultaneously. To achieve full time resolution we account for the dead time that occurs after the first time-bin of a particle signal. This general counting method can be applied to counting muons in existing detectors like the Underground Muon Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We therefore use the latter as a study case to test the performance of our method and to compare it to other methods from literature. Our method proves to perform with little bias, and also provides an estimate of the number of particles as a function of time (as seen by the detector) to a single time-bin resolution. In this context, the new method can be useful for reconstructing parameters sensitive to cosmic ray mass, which are key to unveiling the origin of cosmic rays.
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