通过结合快质子和热质子方案的阿尔法通道效应提高经济性质子-硼11聚变的可行性
Improving the Feasibility of Economical Proton-Boron 11 Fusion via Alpha Channeling with a Hybrid Fast and Thermal Proton Scheme
AI总结：
本文提出利用阿尔法通道效应改变反应堆功率流向，将阿尔法粒子能量重定向至质子，从而显著降低质子-硼11聚变点火的能量约束时间，提升经济性聚变的可行性。
摘要：
质子-硼11（p-B11）聚变反应比最容易的聚变反应，即氘和氚（DT）反应，更难用于商业发电。p-B11反应需要高得多的温度，而且，即使在那些更高的温度下，其反应截面也小得多。然而，与氚不同的是，其反应物既丰富又无放射性。它也是一种无中子反应，从而避免了产生放射性的中子。然而，只有当等离子体接近点火时，才能实现经济性聚变；换句话说，即聚变功率至少几乎等于由于辐射和热传导而损失的功率。由于所需温度如此之高，p-B11的点火被认为几乎不可能，其聚变功率仅比韧致辐射功率高约3%。我们表明，改变反应堆中功率的自然流动，将更多功率分配给质子，而将较少功率分配给电子，具有很高的收益。这种重定向可以通过波来实现，这些波提取阿尔法粒子的功率，并通过阿尔法通道效应将其重定向到质子中。使用简单的功率平衡模型，我们表明，当能量被通道化到热质子中时，这种通道效应可以将点火所需的能量约束时间减少2.6倍，而当通道化到接近反应性峰值的快质子中时，可以减少6.9倍。因此，阿尔法通道效应可以显著提高经济性p-B11聚变能的可行性。
英文摘要：
The proton-Boron 11 (p-B11) fusion reaction is much harder to harness for commercial power than the easiest fusion reaction, namely the deuterium and tritium (DT) reaction. The p-B11 reaction requires much higher temperatures, and, even at those higher temperatures, the cross section is much smaller. However, as opposed to tritium, the reactants are both abundant and non-radioactive. It is also an aneutronic reaction, thus avoiding radioactivity-inducing neutrons. Economical fusion can only result, however, if the plasma is nearly ignited; in other words if the fusion power is at least nearly equal to the power lost due to radiation and thermal conduction. Because the required temperatures are so high, ignition is thought barely possible for p-B11, with fusion power exceeding the bremsstrahlung power by only around 3\%. We show that there is a high upside to changing the natural flow of power in the reactor, putting more power into protons, and less into the electrons. This redirection can be done using waves, which tap the alpha particle power and redirect it into protons through alpha channeling. Using a simple power balance model, we show that such channeling could reduce the required energy confinement time for ignition by a factor of 2.6 when energy is channeled into thermal protons, and a factor of 6.9 when channeled into fast protons near the peak of the reactivity. Thus, alpha channeling could dramatically improve the feasibility of economical p-B11 fusion energy.
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