Mila, Quebec AI Institute（米拉魁北克人工智能研究所）；Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems（马克斯·普朗克智能系统研究所）；AWS AI（亚马逊云科技人工智能）；Polytechnique Montréal（蒙特利尔理工学院）；Meta AI；Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学）
Nasim Rahaman, Martin Weiss, Francesco Locatello, Chris Pal, Yoshua Bengio, Bernhard Schölkopf, Li Erran Li, Nicolas Ballas
Recent work has seen the development of general purpose neural architectures that can be trained to perform tasks across diverse data modalities. General purpose models typically make few assumptions about the underlying data-structure and are known to perform well in the large-data regime. At the same time, there has been growing interest in modular neural architectures that represent the data using sparsely interacting modules. These models can be more robust out-of-distribution, computationally efficient, and capable of sample-efficient adaptation to new data. However, they tend to make domain-specific assumptions about the data, and present challenges in how module behavior (i.e., parameterization) and connectivity (i.e., their layout) can be jointly learned. In this work, we introduce a general purpose, yet modular neural architecture called Neural Attentive Circuits (NACs) that jointly learns the parameterization and a sparse connectivity of neural modules without using domain knowledge. NACs are best understood as the combination of two systems that are jointly trained end-to-end: one that determines the module configuration and the other that executes it on an input. We demonstrate qualitatively that NACs learn diverse and meaningful module configurations on the NLVR2 dataset without additional supervision. Quantitatively, we show that by incorporating modularity in this way, NACs improve upon a strong non-modular baseline in terms of low-shot adaptation on CIFAR and CUBs dataset by about 10%, and OOD robustness on Tiny ImageNet-R by about 2.5%. Further, we find that NACs can achieve an 8x speedup at inference time while losing less than 3% performance. Finally, we find NACs to yield competitive results on diverse data modalities spanning point-cloud classification, symbolic processing and text-classification from ASCII bytes, thereby confirming its general purpose nature.
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Institute of High Performance Computing（高性能计算研究所）
Graph Neural Networks (GNN) has demonstrated the superior performance in many challenging applications, including the few-shot learning tasks. Despite its powerful capacity to learn and generalize the model from few samples, GNN usually suffers from severe over-fitting and over-smoothing as the model becomes deep, which limit the scalability. In this work, we propose a novel Attentive GNN to tackle these challenges, by incorporating a triple-attention mechanism, i.e. node self-attention, neighborhood attention, and layer memory attention. We explain why the proposed attentive modules can impro…
Previous works related to automatic personality recognition focus on using traditional classification models with linguistic features. However, attentive neural networks with contextual embeddings, which have achieved huge success in text classification, are rarely explored for this task. In this project, we have two major contributions. First, we create the first dialogue-based personality dataset, FriendsPersona, by annotating 5 personality traits of speakers from Friends TV Show through crowdsourcing. Second, we present a novel approach to automatic personality recognition using pre-trained…
Seoul National University（首尔大学）；University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）
Recently, graph neural networks for semi-supervised classification have been widely studied. However, existing methods only use the information of limited neighbors and do not deal with the inter-class connections in graphs. In this paper, we propose Adaptive aggregation with Class-Attentive Diffusion (AdaCAD), a new aggregation scheme that adaptively aggregates nodes probably of the same class among K-hop neighbors. To this end, we first propose a novel stochastic process, called Class-Attentive Diffusion (CAD), that strengthens attention to intra-class nodes and attenuates attention to inter…
In this paper, we consider the Click-Through-Rate (CTR) prediction problem. Factorization Machines and their variants consider pair-wise feature interactions, but normally we won't do high-order feature interactions using FM due to high time complexity. Given the success of deep neural networks (DNNs) in many fields, researchers have proposed several DNN-based models to learn high-order feature interactions. Multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) have been widely employed to learn reliable mappings from feature embeddings to final logits. In this paper, we aim to explore more about these high-order fea…
The application of deep learning to 3D point clouds is challenging due to its lack of order. Inspired by the point embeddings of PointNet and the edge embeddings of DGCNNs, we propose three improvements to the task of point cloud analysis. First, we introduce a novel feature-attentive neural network layer, a FAT layer, that combines both global point-based features and local edge-based features in order to generate better embeddings. Second, we find that applying the same attention mechanism across two different forms of feature map aggregation, max pooling and average pooling, gives better pe…
Factorization methods for recommender systems tend to represent users as a single latent vector. However, user behavior and interests may change in the context of the recommendations that are presented to the user. For example, in the case of movie recommendations, it is usually true that earlier user data is less informative than more recent data. However, it is possible that a certain early movie may become suddenly more relevant in the presence of a popular sequel movie. This is just a single example of a variety of possible dynamically altering user interests in the presence of a potential…
University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学）；University of Guelph（圭尔夫大学）；CIFAR（加拿大高等研究院）
In this work, we propose CLass-Enhanced Attentive Response (CLEAR): an approach to visualize and understand the decisions made by deep neural networks (DNNs) given a specific input. CLEAR facilitates the visualization of attentive regions and levels of interest of DNNs during the decision-making process. It also enables the visualization of the most dominant classes associated with these attentive regions of interest. As such, CLEAR can mitigate some of the shortcomings of heatmap-based methods associated with decision ambiguity, and allows for better insights into the decision-making process …
Neural processes (NPs) learn stochastic processes and predict the distribution of target output adaptively conditioned on a context set of observed input-output pairs. Furthermore, Attentive Neural Process (ANP) improved the prediction accuracy of NPs by incorporating attention mechanism among contexts and targets. In a number of real-world applications such as robotics, finance, speech, and biology, it is critical to learn the temporal order and recurrent structure from sequential data. However, the capability of NPs capturing these properties is limited due to its permutation invariance inst…
Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems（机器人与智能系统研究所）；ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）
Knowledge of the importance of input features towards decisions made by machine-learning models is essential to increase our understanding of both the models and the underlying data. Here, we present a new approach to estimating feature importance with neural networks based on the idea of distributing the features of interest among experts in an attentive mixture of experts (AME). AMEs use attentive gating networks trained with a Granger-causal objective to learn to jointly produce accurate predictions as well as estimates of feature importance in a single model. Our experiments show (i) that …
Facebook；University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）
Neural architecture search (NAS) has shown great promise in designing state-of-the-art (SOTA) models that are both accurate and efficient. Recently, two-stage NAS, e.g. BigNAS, decouples the model training and searching process and achieves remarkable search efficiency and accuracy. Two-stage NAS requires sampling from the search space during training, which directly impacts the accuracy of the final searched models. While uniform sampling has been widely used for its simplicity, it is agnostic of the model performance Pareto front, which is the main focus in the search process, and thus, miss…
Deep neural networks excel in regimes with large amounts of data, but tend to struggle when data is scarce or when they need to adapt quickly to changes in the task. In response, recent work in meta-learning proposes training a meta-learner on a distribution of similar tasks, in the hopes of generalization to novel but related tasks by learning a high-level strategy that captures the essence of the problem it is asked to solve. However, many recent meta-learning approaches are extensively hand-designed, either using architectures specialized to a particular application, or hard-coding algorith…
Equivariance is a nice property to have as it produces much more parameter efficient neural architectures and preserves the structure of the input through the feature mapping. Even though some combinations of transformations might never appear (e.g. an upright face with a horizontal nose), current equivariant architectures consider the set of all possible transformations in a transformation group when learning feature representations. Contrarily, the human visual system is able to attend to the set of relevant transformations occurring in the environment and utilizes this information to assist…
Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories（三菱电机研究实验室）
Physics-informed dynamical system models form critical components of digital twins of the built environment. These digital twins enable the design of energy-efficient infrastructure, but must be properly calibrated to accurately reflect system behavior for downstream prediction and analysis. Dynamical system models of modern buildings are typically described by a large number of parameters and incur significant computational expenditure during simulations. To handle large-scale calibration of digital twins without exorbitant simulations, we propose ANP-BBO: a scalable and parallelizable batch-…
Deep neural networks have evolved to become power demanding and consequently difficult to apply to small-size mobile platforms. Network parameter reduction methods have been introduced to systematically deal with the computational and memory complexity of deep networks. We propose to examine the ability of attentive connection pruning to deal with redundancy reduction in neural networks as a contribution to the reduction of computational demand. In this work, we describe a Top-Down attention mechanism that is added to a Bottom-Up feedforward network to select important connections and subseque…
An important problem in multiview representation learning is finding the optimal combination of views with respect to the specific task at hand. To this end, we introduce NAM: a Neural Attentive Multiview machine that learns multiview item representations and similarity by employing a novel attention mechanism. NAM harnesses multiple information sources and automatically quantifies their relevancy with respect to a supervised task. Finally, a very practical advantage of NAM is its robustness to the case of dataset with missing views. We demonstrate the effectiveness of NAM for the task of movi…
This paper has been withdrawn as we discovered a bug in our tensorflow implementation that involved accidental mixing of vectors across batches. This lead to different inference results given different batch sizes which is completely strange. The performance scores still remain the same but we concluded that it was not the self-attention that contributed to the performance. We are withdrawing the paper because this renders the main claim of the paper false. Thanks to Guan Xinyu from NUS for discovering this issue in our previously open source code.
Neural networks inspired by differential equations have proliferated for the past several years. Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) and neural controlled differential equations (NCDEs) are two representative examples of them. In theory, NCDEs provide better representation learning capability for time-series data than NODEs. In particular, it is known that NCDEs are suitable for processing irregular time-series data. Whereas NODEs have been successfully extended after adopting attention, however, it had not been studied yet how to integrate attention into NCDEs. To this end, we pres…
Origin-Destination Estimation plays an important role in the era of Intelligent Transportation. Nevertheless, as a under-determined problem, OD estimation confronts many challenges from cross-space inference to non-convex, non-linear optimization. As a powerful nonlinear approximator, deep learning is an ideal data-driven method to provide a novel perspective for OD estimation. However, viewing multi-interval traffic counts as spatial-temporal inputs and OD matrix as heterogeneous graph-structured output, the existing neural network architecture is not suitable for the cross-space inference pr…
Convolutional neural network-based medical image classifiers have been shown to be especially susceptible to adversarial examples. Such instabilities are likely to be unacceptable in the future of automated diagnoses. Though statistical adversarial example detection methods have proven to be effective defense mechanisms, additional research is necessary that investigates the fundamental vulnerabilities of deep-learning-based systems and how best to build models that jointly maximize traditional and robust accuracy. This paper presents the inclusion of attention mechanisms in CNN-based medical …
Mila – Université de Montréal（米拉-蒙特利尔大学）；Borealis AI（北极光AI）
Neural Processes (NPs) are popular methods in meta-learning that can estimate predictive uncertainty on target datapoints by conditioning on a context dataset. Previous state-of-the-art method Transformer Neural Processes (TNPs) achieve strong performance but require quadratic computation with respect to the number of context datapoints, significantly limiting its scalability. Conversely, existing sub-quadratic NP variants perform significantly worse than that of TNPs. Tackling this issue, we propose Latent Bottlenecked Attentive Neural Processes (LBANPs), a new computationally efficient sub-q…
Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) presented a new paradigm to construct (continuous-time) neural networks. While showing several good characteristics in terms of the number of parameters and the flexibility in constructing neural networks, they also have a couple of well-known limitations: i) theoretically NODEs learn homeomorphic mapping functions only, and ii) sometimes NODEs show numerical instability in solving integral problems. To handle this, many enhancements have been proposed. To our knowledge, however, integrating attention into NODEs has been overlooked for a while. To…
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli（蒂鲁吉拉帕利国立理工学院）；Delhi Technological University（德里理工大学）；The Learning Machines（学习机器公司）
Session-based recommendation systems suggest relevant items to users by modeling user behavior and preferences using short-term anonymous sessions. Existing methods leverage Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) that propagate and aggregate information from neighboring nodes i.e., local message passing. Such graph-based architectures have representational limits, as a single sub-graph is susceptible to overfit the sequential dependencies instead of accounting for complex transitions between items in different sessions. We propose a new technique that leverages a Transformer in combination with a target…
University College London（伦敦大学学院）；King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）；Northeastern University（东北大学）
We propose a model for tagging unstructured texts with an arbitrary number of terms drawn from a tree-structured vocabulary (i.e., an ontology). We treat this as a special case of sequence-to-sequence learning in which the decoder begins at the root node of an ontological tree and recursively elects to expand child nodes as a function of the input text, the current node, and the latent decoder state. In our experiments the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on the important task of automatically assigning MeSH terms to biomedical abstracts.
Studio Ousia；Nara Institute of Science and Technology（奈良先端科学技术大学院大学）；RIKEN AIP（理化学研究所AIP）
This study proposes a Neural Attentive Bag-of-Entities model, which is a neural network model that performs text classification using entities in a knowledge base. Entities provide unambiguous and relevant semantic signals that are beneficial for capturing semantics in texts. We combine simple high-recall entity detection based on a dictionary, to detect entities in a document, with a novel neural attention mechanism that enables the model to focus on a small number of unambiguous and relevant entities. We tested the effectiveness of our model using two standard text classification datasets (i…
Meteorological Institute, University of Hamburg（汉堡大学气象研究所）；International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology（马克斯·普朗克气象研究所国际马克斯·普朗克地球系统建模研究学院）
Ensemble data from Earth system models has to be calibrated and post-processed. I propose a novel member-by-member post-processing approach with neural networks. I bridge ideas from ensemble data assimilation with self-attention, resulting into the self-attentive ensemble transformer. Here, interactions between ensemble members are represented as additive and dynamic self-attentive part. As proof-of-concept, I regress global ECMWF ensemble forecasts to 2-metre-temperature fields from the ERA5 reanalysis. I demonstrate that the ensemble transformer can calibrate the ensemble spread and extract …
Attention Model has now become an important concept in neural networks that has been researched within diverse application domains. This survey provides a structured and comprehensive overview of the developments in modeling attention. In particular, we propose a taxonomy which groups existing techniques into coherent categories. We review salient neural architectures in which attention has been incorporated, and discuss applications in which modeling attention has shown a significant impact. We also describe how attention has been used to improve the interpretability of neural networks. Final…
Microsoft Research AI（微软研究院人工智能）；Citadel（城堡投资）；University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；JD AI Research（京东人工智能研究院）
This paper proposes a new architecture - Attentive Tensor Product Learning (ATPL) - to represent grammatical structures in deep learning models. ATPL is a new architecture to bridge this gap by exploiting Tensor Product Representations (TPR), a structured neural-symbolic model developed in cognitive science, aiming to integrate deep learning with explicit language structures and rules. The key ideas of ATPL are: 1) unsupervised learning of role-unbinding vectors of words via TPR-based deep neural network; 2) employing attention modules to compute TPR; and 3) integration of TPR with typical dee…
Neural Processes (NPs) (Garnelo et al 2018a;b) approach regression by learning to map a context set of observed input-output pairs to a distribution over regression functions. Each function models the distribution of the output given an input, conditioned on the context. NPs have the benefit of fitting observed data efficiently with linear complexity in the number of context input-output pairs, and can learn a wide family of conditional distributions; they learn predictive distributions conditioned on context sets of arbitrary size. Nonetheless, we show that NPs suffer a fundamental drawback o…
Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学计算机科学与工程系）
Grade prediction for future courses not yet taken by students is important as it can help them and their advisers during the process of course selection as well as for designing personalized degree plans and modifying them based on their performance. One of the successful approaches for accurately predicting a student's grades in future courses is Cumulative Knowledge-based Regression Models (CKRM). CKRM learns shallow linear models that predict a student's grades as the similarity between his/her knowledge state and the target course. However, prior courses taken by a student can have \black{…
Predicting surrounding vehicle behaviors are critical to autonomous vehicles when negotiating in multi-vehicle interaction scenarios. Most existing approaches require tedious training process with large amounts of data and may fail to capture the propagating uncertainty in interaction behaviors. The multi-vehicle behaviors are assumed to be generated from a stochastic process. This paper proposes an attentive recurrent neural process (ARNP) approach to overcome the above limitations, which uses a neural process (NP) to learn a distribution of multi-vehicle interaction behavior. Our proposed mo…
School of Computer Science, Fudan University（复旦大学计算机学院）；Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast（贝尔法斯特女王大学电子、电气工程与计算机科学学院）
In this paper, we develop a neural attentive interpretable recommendation system, named NAIRS. A self-attention network, as a key component of the system, is designed to assign attention weights to interacted items of a user. This attention mechanism can distinguish the importance of the various interacted items in contributing to a user profile. Based on the user profiles obtained by the self-attention network, NAIRS offers personalized high-quality recommendation. Moreover, it develops visual cues to interpret recommendations. This demo application with the implementation of NAIRS enables us…
Grade prediction for future courses not yet taken by students is important as it can help them and their advisers during the process of course selection as well as for designing personalized degree plans and modifying them based on their performance. One of the successful approaches for accurately predicting a student's grades in future courses is Cumulative Knowledge-based Regression Models (CKRM). CKRM learns shallow linear models that predict a student's grades as the similarity between his/her knowledge state and the target course. A student's knowledge state is built by linearly accumulat…
AImageLab（AImage实验室）；University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（摩德纳-雷焦艾米利亚大学）
Understanding human motion behaviour is a critical task for several possible applications like self-driving cars or social robots, and in general for all those settings where an autonomous agent has to navigate inside a human-centric environment. This is non-trivial because human motion is inherently multi-modal: given a history of human motion paths, there are many plausible ways by which people could move in the future. Additionally, people activities are often driven by goals, e.g. reaching particular locations or interacting with the environment. We address the aforementioned aspects by pr…
University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Facebook AI Research（脸书人工智能研究院）
While neural network models have been successfully applied to domains that require substantial generalisation skills, recent studies have implied that they struggle when solving the task they are trained on requires inferring its underlying compositional structure. In this paper, we introduce Attentive Guidance, a mechanism to direct a sequence to sequence model equipped with attention to find more compositional solutions. We test it on two tasks, devised precisely to assess the compositional capabilities of neural models, and we show that vanilla sequence to sequence models with attention ove…
The ability of reasoning beyond data fitting is substantial to deep learning systems in order to make a leap forward towards artificial general intelligence. A lot of efforts have been made to model neural-based reasoning as an iterative decision-making process based on recurrent networks and reinforcement learning. Instead, inspired by the consciousness prior proposed by Yoshua Bengio, we explore reasoning with the notion of attentive awareness from a cognitive perspective, and formulate it in the form of attentive message passing on graphs, called neural consciousness flow (NeuCFlow). Aiming…
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；RealAI；Tsinghua University（清华大学）
Session-based recommendation nowadays plays a vital role in many websites, which aims to predict users' actions based on anonymous sessions. There have emerged many studies that model a session as a sequence or a graph via investigating temporal transitions of items in a session. However, these methods compress a session into one fixed representation vector without considering the target items to be predicted. The fixed vector will restrict the representation ability of the recommender model, considering the diversity of target items and users' interests. In this paper, we propose a novel targ…
Picking the Right Specialist: Attentive Neural Process-based Selection of Task-Specialized Models as Tools for Agentic Healthcare Systems
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom（牛津大学工程科学系）；Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates（哈利法大学计算机科学系）
Peking University（北京大学）；University of California, Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）；Mila-Quebec AI Institute（米拉-魁北克人工智能研究所）；HEC Montreal（蒙特利尔高等商学院）
Click-through rate (CTR) prediction, which aims to predict the probability of a user clicking on an ad or an item, is critical to many online applications such as online advertising and recommender systems. The problem is very challenging since (1) the input features (e.g., the user id, user age, item id, item category) are usually sparse and high-dimensional, and (2) an effective prediction relies on high-order combinatorial features (\textit{a.k.a.} cross features), which are very time-consuming to hand-craft by domain experts and are impossible to be enumerated. Therefore, there have been e…
Sequential recommendation (SR) is to accurately recommend a list of items for a user based on her current accessed ones. While new-coming users continuously arrive in the real world, one crucial task is to have inductive SR that can produce embeddings of users and items without re-training. Given user-item interactions can be extremely sparse, another critical task is to have transferable SR that can transfer the knowledge derived from one domain with rich data to another domain. In this work, we aim to present the holistic SR that simultaneously accommodates conventional, inductive, and trans…
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Microsoft Research Asia（微软亚洲研究院）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Peking University（北京大学）
Personalized news recommendation is very important for online news platforms to help users find interested news and improve user experience. News and user representation learning is critical for news recommendation. Existing news recommendation methods usually learn these representations based on single news information, e.g., title, which may be insufficient. In this paper we propose a neural news recommendation approach which can learn informative representations of users and news by exploiting different kinds of news information. The core of our approach is a news encoder and a user encoder…
GARNN: An Interpretable Graph Attentive Recurrent Neural Network for Predicting Blood Glucose Levels via Multivariate Time Series
Institute of Health Informatics, University College London（伦敦大学学院健康信息学研究所）；Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford（牛津大学精神病学系）；Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, University College London Hospitals（伦敦大学学院医院糖尿病与内分泌科）；Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology（仿生技术中心）
IBM Watson（IBM沃森）；T.J. Watson Research Center（T.J.沃森研究中心）
In this work, we propose Attentive Pooling (AP), a two-way attention mechanism for discriminative model training. In the context of pair-wise ranking or classification with neural networks, AP enables the pooling layer to be aware of the current input pair, in a way that information from the two input items can directly influence the computation of each other's representations. Along with such representations of the paired inputs, AP jointly learns a similarity measure over projected segments (e.g. trigrams) of the pair, and subsequently, derives the corresponding attention vector for each inp…
We present a novel attention-based model for discrete event data to capture complex non-linear temporal dependence structures. We borrow the idea from the attention mechanism and incorporate it into the point processes' conditional intensity function. We further introduce a novel score function using Fourier kernel embedding, whose spectrum is represented using neural networks, which drastically differs from the traditional dot-product kernel and can capture a more complex similarity structure. We establish our approach's theoretical properties and demonstrate our approach's competitive perfor…
We propose a novel high-performance and interpretable canonical deep tabular data learning architecture, TabNet. TabNet uses sequential attention to choose which features to reason from at each decision step, enabling interpretability and more efficient learning as the learning capacity is used for the most salient features. We demonstrate that TabNet outperforms other neural network and decision tree variants on a wide range of non-performance-saturated tabular datasets and yields interpretable feature attributions plus insights into the global model behavior. Finally, for the first time to o…
The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Monash University（莫纳什大学）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）
Mobile keyboard suggestion is typically regarded as a word-level language modeling problem. Centralized machine learning technique requires massive user data collected to train on, which may impose privacy concerns for sensitive personal typing data of users. Federated learning (FL) provides a promising approach to learning private language modeling for intelligent personalized keyboard suggestion by training models in distributed clients rather than training in a central server. To obtain a global model for prediction, existing FL algorithms simply average the client models and ignore the imp…
Learning Objective-Specific Active Learning Strategies with Attentive Neural Processes
University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Canadian Institute for Advanced Research（加拿大高等研究院）；European Lab for Learning and Intelligent Systems（欧洲学习与智能系统实验室）；Microsoft Research（微软研究院）
We present an attention-based modular neural framework for computer vision. The framework uses a soft attention mechanism allowing models to be trained with gradient descent. It consists of three modules: a recurrent attention module controlling where to look in an image or video frame, a feature-extraction module providing a representation of what is seen, and an objective module formalizing why the model learns its attentive behavior. The attention module allows the model to focus computation on task-related information in the input. We apply the framework to several object tracking tasks an…
Spectrogram is commonly used as the input feature of deep neural networks to learn the high(er)-level time-frequency pattern of speech signal for speech emotion recognition (SER). \textcolor{black}{Generally, different emotions correspond to specific energy activations both within frequency bands and time frames on spectrogram, which indicates the frequency and time domains are both essential to represent the emotion for SER. However, recent spectrogram-based works mainly focus on modeling the long-term dependency in time domain, leading to these methods encountering the following two issues: …
Self-Attentive Spatio-Temporal Calibration for Precise Intermediate Layer Matching in ANN-to-SNN Distillation
The College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University（浙江大学计算机科学与技术学院）；Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute（南湖脑机接口研究所）；The State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University（浙江大学脑机智能国家重点实验室）
