弥合差距--完全对流星中间周期差距的消失，由新的ZTF旋转周期揭示
Bridging the gap -- the disappearance of the intermediate period gap for fully convective stars, uncovered by new ZTF rotation periods
摘要：
开普勒发现的中间周期间隔是在温度-周期图上观测到的恒星自转周期的缺失，G矮星的周期为$\sim$ 20天，而早M矮星的周期为$\sim$ 30天。然而，由于开普勒主要针对类太阳恒星，因此缺乏M矮星的测量周期，特别是那些处于完全对流极限的矮星。因此，尚不清楚中M矮星到晚M矮星是否存在中间周期间隔。在这里，我们提出了一个包含40，553个旋转周期（9，535个周期$>$ 10天）的周期目录，使用Zwicky瞬态设施（ZTF）测量。为了测量这些周期，我们开发了一个简单的管道，直接改善ZTF存档光变曲线，平均减少26%的光度散射。这个新的星表涵盖了一系列恒星温度，将开普勒的样本与MEarth（一个基于地面的明亮M矮星的时域调查）连接起来，并揭示了中间周期间隙在理论上预测的完全对流边界（$G_{\rm BP} - G_{\rm RP} \sim 2.45$ mag）的位置关闭。这一结果支持了这一假设，即差距是由核心包膜相互作用。使用陀螺运动年龄，我们还发现了一个潜在的快速自旋的恒星在此期间的差距。
英文摘要：
The intermediate period gap, discovered by Kepler, is an observed dearth of stellar rotation periods in the temperature-period diagram at $\sim$ 20 days for G dwarfs and up to $\sim$ 30 days for early-M dwarfs. However, because Kepler mainly targeted solar-like stars, there is a lack of measured periods for M dwarfs, especially those at the fully convective limit. Therefore it is unclear if the intermediate period gap exists for mid- to late-M dwarfs. Here, we present a period catalog containing 40,553 rotation periods (9,535 periods $>$ 10 days), measured using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). To measure these periods, we developed a simple pipeline that improves directly on the ZTF archival light curves and reduces the photometric scatter by 26%, on average. This new catalog spans a range of stellar temperatures that connect samples from Kepler with MEarth, a ground-based time domain survey of bright M-dwarfs, and reveals that the intermediate period gap closes at the theoretically predicted location of the fully convective boundary ($G_{\rm BP} - G_{\rm RP} \sim 2.45$ mag). This result supports the hypothesis that the gap is caused by core-envelope interactions. Using gyro-kinematic ages, we also find a potential rapid spin-down of stars across this period gap.
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