超导弱连接中热双稳态的稳定性及其切换
Stability of thermally bistable states and their switching in superconducting weak link
摘要：
超导弱连接（WL）作为一种约瑟夫森结（JJ），是超导科学和量子线路中广泛使用的元件之一。一个滞后的JJ与强大的超导和电阻状态之间的切换是一个很好的候选单光子探测。然而，在结中无处不在的波动强烈影响的状态的稳定性，从而从一个过渡到另一个。在这里，我们提出了一个实验研究的临界和再俘获电流的JJ基于铌WL在其滞后制度的开关统计。由分布估计了两个亚稳态，即零电压超导态和有限电压电阻态的平均寿命。此外，接近滞后交叉温度，观察到的电报噪声在时域中由于状态之间的随机切换直接提供了它们的寿命。我们提出了一个热模型，介绍了一个双阱（双稳态）功能与一个有趣的数量相对于设备的温度状态。温度波动对状态稳定性的影响。我们讨论了我们的结果，进一步提高超导WL或纳米线单光子探测器的效率。
英文摘要：
Superconducting weak link (WL), acting as a Josephson junction (JJ), is one of the widely used elements in superconductor science and quantum circuits. A hysteretic JJ with robust switching between its superconducting and resistive state is an excellent candidate for single-photon detection. However, the ubiquitous fluctuations in the junction strongly influence the stability of the states and, thus, the transition from one to the other. Here, we present an experimental study of switching statistics of critical and retrapping currents of a JJ based on niobium WL in its hysteretic regime. The mean lifetimes of the two metastable states, namely, the zero-voltage superconducting state and finite-voltage resistive state, are estimated from the distributions. Further, close to the hysteresis crossover temperature, observed telegraphic noise in the time domain due to random switching between the states provides their lifetimes directly. We present a thermal model introducing a double-well (bistable) feature with an intriguing quantity with respect to the devices' temperature states. The effects of temperature fluctuations on the stability of the states are shown. We discuss our results toward further improvement of the efficiency of superconducting WL or nanowire single-photon detectors.
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