1849年的音阶转换:海因里希·施瓦贝到鲁道夫·沃尔夫
Scale Transfer in 1849 : Heinrich Schwabe to Rudolf Wolf
摘要:
本研究的重点是揭示1849年前后在国际太阳黑子数系列的历史版本(即版本1)中发现的尺度问题背后的原因(Leussu et al,Astronomy and Astrophysics,559,A28,2013; Friedli,Solar Phys.291,2505,2016)。从1826年到1848年,海因里希·施瓦布的观测被鲁道夫·沃尔夫视为主要观测者,1849年,主要观测者从施瓦布转移到沃尔夫,这似乎导致了太阳黑子数系列的不一致。在这项研究中,我们受益于各种数据集,其中最重要的是Schwabe从Mittheilungen(沃尔夫教授的期刊)中获得的原始计数,这些数据已在2017年至2019年期间在比利时皇家天文台数字化。我们通过使用经典的代数计算以及不同的方法(例如Lockwood等人(Journal of Geophysical Research(Space Physics),119(7),5172,2014)启发的方法)来提供检测到的问题的鲁棒量化,因此将现代k因子分配给Schwabe在1849年之前的观测。我们还评估了1849年前后的国际太阳黑子数系列(版本1和2)的这一1849年不一致的影响。
英文摘要:
The focus of this study is to reveal the reason behind a scale problem detected around 1849 in the historical version of the International Sunspot Number Series, i.e. version 1 (Leussu et al, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 559, A28, 2013; Friedli, Solar Phys.291, 2505, 2016). From 1826 to 1848 Heinrich Schwabe's observations were considered primary by Rudolf Wolf, and a shift of primary observer from Schwabe to Wolf in 1849 seems to have led to an inconsistency in the Sunspot Number series. In this study we benefited from various datasets, the most important being Schwabe's raw counts from the Mittheilungen (Prof. Wolf's Journals) that have been digitised at the Royal Observatory of Belgium between 2017 and 2019. We provide a robust quantification of the detected problem by using classic algebraic calculations but also different methods such as a method inspired by Lockwood et al (Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 119(7), 5172, 2014), hence assigning a modern k-factor to Schwabe's observations before 1849. We also assess the implications of this 1849 inconsistency on the International Sunspot Number series (Versions 1 and 2) before and after 1849.
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