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arXiv 2210.02441cs.CL
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Ask Me Anything:提示语言模型的简单策略

Ask Me Anything: A simple strategy for prompting language models

Stanford University(斯坦福大学);Numbers Station;University of Wisconsin-Madison(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校)

Simran Arora, Avanika Narayan, Mayee F. Chen, Laurel Orr, Neel Guha, Kush Bhatia, Ines Chami, Frederic Sala, Christopher Ré

摘要:

大语言模型(LLM)可以很好地转换到新任务,只需给出一个自然语言提示,演示如何执行任务,而无需额外的培训。提示是一个脆弱的过程,其中对提示的小修改可能导致模型预测的大变化,因此大量的努力致力于为任务设计一个精心设计的“完美提示”。为了减轻高度的努力,涉及的提示设计,我们反而问是否生产多个有效的,但不完美的,提示和聚合它们可以导致一个高质量的提示策略。我们的观察激发了我们提出的激励方法,问我任何事情(AMA)。我们首先发展的有效提示格式的理解,发现问答(QA)提示,鼓励开放式的一代(“谁去了公园?“)往往优于那些限制模型输出的结果(“约翰去了公园。输出True或False。").我们的方法递归地使用LLM本身将任务输入转换为有效的QA格式。我们应用收集到的提示,以获得几个嘈杂的投票输入的真实标签。我们发现,提示可以有非常不同的准确性和复杂的依赖关系,因此建议使用弱监督,一个程序相结合的嘈杂的预测,以产生最终的预测输入。我们在开源模型家族中评估AMA(例如,EleutherAI、BLOOM、OPT和T0)和模型尺寸(125 M-175 B参数),证明与Few-Shot基线相比,平均性能提升10.2%。这种简单的策略使开源GPT-J-6 B模型在20个流行基准测试中的15个上匹配并超过了Few-Shot GPT 3 - 175 B的性能。在这些任务中,GPT-J-6 B型号的平均性能优于Few-Shot GPT 3 - 175 B。我们在这里发布代码:https://github.com/HazyResearch/ama_prompting

英文摘要:

Large language models (LLMs) transfer well to new tasks out-of-the-box simply given a natural language prompt that demonstrates how to perform the task and no additional training. Prompting is a brittle process wherein small modifications to the prompt can cause large variations in the model predictions, and therefore significant effort is dedicated towards designing a painstakingly "perfect prompt" for a task. To mitigate the high degree of effort involved in prompt-design, we instead ask whether producing multiple effective, yet imperfect, prompts and aggregating them can lead to a high quality prompting strategy. Our observations motivate our proposed prompting method, ASK ME ANYTHING (AMA). We first develop an understanding of the effective prompt formats, finding that question-answering (QA) prompts, which encourage open-ended generation ("Who went to the park?") tend to outperform those that restrict the model outputs ("John went to the park. Output True or False."). Our approach recursively uses the LLM itself to transform task inputs to the effective QA format. We apply the collected prompts to obtain several noisy votes for the input's true label. We find that the prompts can have very different accuracies and complex dependencies and thus propose to use weak supervision, a procedure for combining the noisy predictions, to produce the final predictions for the inputs. We evaluate AMA across open-source model families (e.g., EleutherAI, BLOOM, OPT, and T0) and model sizes (125M-175B parameters), demonstrating an average performance lift of 10.2% over the few-shot baseline. This simple strategy enables the open-source GPT-J-6B model to match and exceed the performance of few-shot GPT3-175B on 15 of 20 popular benchmarks. Averaged across these tasks, the GPT-J-6B model outperforms few-shot GPT3-175B. We release our code here: https://github.com/HazyResearch/ama_prompting

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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