SARS-CoV-2感染的星形胶质细胞诱导的神经元网络相干性失效
Failure of neuron network coherence induced by SARS-CoV-2-infected astrocytes
AI总结：
该研究构建星形胶质细胞调控的脉冲神经网络模型，揭示SARS-CoV-2感染抑制谷氨酸释放可破坏神经元准同步簇发节律，导致间歇性或完全的网络相干性失效。
摘要：
脑神经元网络的相干激活是许多与各种行为状态相关的生理功能的基础。这些脑电活动中的同步波动也被称为脑节律。在细胞层面，节律性可由神经元内在振荡的多种机制，或突触耦合神经元之间兴奋的网络循环所诱导。其中一个特定机制涉及伴随神经元的脑星形胶质细胞的活动，这些细胞能够相干地调节邻近神经元的突触接触，从而使它们的活动同步。近期研究表明，冠状病毒感染（Covid-19）进入中枢神经系统并感染星形胶质细胞后，会引起多种代谢紊乱。具体而言，Covid-19可抑制星形胶质细胞对谷氨酸和GABA的合成。另已知在新冠后状态中，患者可能出现焦虑症状和认知功能受损，这可能是脑节律受到干扰的后果。我们提出了一个由星形胶质细胞伴随的脉冲神经网络数学模型，该网络能够产生准同步的节律性簇发放电。模型预测，如果星形胶质细胞受到感染且谷氨酸释放受到抑制，正常的簇发节律性会遭受显著破坏。有趣的是，在某些情况下，网络相干性的失效可能与正常节律性的间隔交替出现，或者同步化会完全消失。
英文摘要：
Coherent activations of brain neuron networks underlay many physiological functions associated with various behavioral states. These synchronous fluctuations in the electrical activity of the brain are also referred to as brain rhythms. At the cellular level, the rhythmicity can be induced by various mechanisms of intrinsic oscillations in neurons or network circulation of excitation between synaptically coupled neurons. One of the specific mechanisms concerns the activity of brain astrocytes that accompany neurons and can coherently modulate synaptic contacts of neighboring neurons, synchronizing their activity. Recent studies have shown that coronavirus infection (Covid-19), entering the central nervous system and infecting astrocytes, causes various metabolic disorders. Specifically, Covid-19 can depress the synthesis of astrocytic glutamate and GABA. It is also known that in the postcovid state, patients may suffer from symptoms of anxiety and impaired cognitive functions, which may be a consequence of disturbed brain rhythms. We propose a mathematical model of a spiking neural network accompanied by astrocytes capable to generate quasi-synchronous rhythmic bursting discharges. The model predicts that if the astrocytes are infected, and the release of glutamate is depressed, then normal burst rhythmicity suffers dramatically. Interestingly, in some cases, the failure of network coherence may be intermittent with intervals of normal rhythmicity, or the synchronization can completely disappears.
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