用于癌症成像和治疗的吨染料：材料奥德赛
Xanthene Dyes for Cancer Imaging and Treatment: A Material Odyssey
摘要：
考虑到成本、有效性、检测/治疗方式的复杂性和存活率，癌症仍然是当今主要的健康问题之一。提高生存率的最重要标准之一是早期和敏感的疾病诊断，可以有效地指导治疗方式。荧光成像剂由于其空间和时间分辨率、高灵敏度和选择性、易于修饰以产生可活化剂、易于操作和低成本而成为现有技术的重要替代品。除了成像，基于光的治疗方式，光动力疗法（PDT），获得了显着的关注，因为它是微创的，并且与目前的护理治疗标准相比副作用更少。尽管荧光成像和PDT具有这些显著的优点，但需要激发试剂的光在组织中的渗透有限，阻碍了广泛的应用。杂氧杂蒽染料，特别是含有硅或氧化膦作为氧杂蒽部分的桥接单元的杂氧杂蒽染料，不仅由于其在水性介质中优异的光化学性质、高荧光量子产率、光稳定性，而且由于其允许深层组织成像和治疗的适当吸收和发射最大值而获得了显著的兴趣。在这里，设计和合成策略，关键的物理性质，它们在荧光成像应用中的应用，以及令人惊讶的有限利用率的混合氧杂蒽染料，在过去的十年中出现的PDT剂已详细审查。
英文摘要：
Cancer is still among the leading health issues today, considering the cost, effectiveness, complexity of detection/treatment modalities and survival rates. One of the most important criteria for higher survival rates is the early and sensitive diagnosis of the disease that can direct the treatment modalities effectively. Fluorescence imaging agents emerged as an important alternative to the current state of the art due to their spatial and temporal resolution, high sensitivity and selectivity, ease of modification towards generating activatable agents, ease of operation, and low cost. In addition to imaging, light-based treatment modality, photodynamic therapy (PDT), attained remarkable attention, as it is minimally invasive and has fewer side effects compared to the current standard of care treatments. Even though fluorescence imaging and PDT have these significant advantages, light that needs to excite the agent has limited penetration in tissues, hindering widespread utilization. Hybrid xanthene dyes, particularly ones bearing silicon or phosphine oxide as the bridging unit of xanthene moiety, gained significant interest not only due to their excellent photochemical properties in aqueous media, high fluorescence quantum yield, photostability but also their proper absorption and emission maxima that allow for deep tissue imaging and therapy. Here, the design and synthesis strategies, key photophysical properties, their application in fluorescence imaging applications, and surprisingly limited utilization as PDT agents of hybrid xanthene dyes that emerged in the last decade have been reviewed in detail.
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