Polymer解决方案中的临界波动：从临界性到三临界性的交叉
Critical Fluctuations in Polymer Solutions: Crossover from Criticality to Tricriticality
摘要：
流体和流体混合物中的临界涨落产生非解析的渐近伊辛样临界热力学行为的幂律与普适指数。在聚合物溶液中，这些幂律的振幅取决于聚合度。非渐近行为（从临界点出发时）是特别有趣的聚合物溶液的情况下，它是由相关长度的临界波动和聚合物分子的回转半径之间的竞争。如果关联长度是主导长度尺度，则观察到Ising样临界行为。然而，如果回转半径超过相关长度，三临界行为与平均场临界指数观察。随着聚合物分子量的增加，类伊辛临界区缩小。在无限聚合度的极限下，类伊辛临界区消失，产生θ点三临界性。
英文摘要：
Critical fluctuations in fluids and fluid mixtures yield a nonanalytic asymptotic Ising-like critical thermodynamic behavior in terms of power laws with universal exponents. In polymer solutions, the amplitudes of these power laws depend on the degree of polymerization. Nonasymptotic behavior (upon the departure from the critical point) is particularly interesting in the case of polymer solutions, where it is governed by a competition between the correlation length of the critical fluctuations and the radius of gyration of the polymer molecules. If the correlation length is the dominant length scale, Ising-like critical behavior is observed. If, however, the radius of gyration exceeds the correlation length, tricritical behavior with mean-field critical exponents is observed. The Ising-like critical region shrinks with the increase of the polymer molecular weight. In the limit of an infinite degree of polymerization, the Ising-like critical region vanishes, yielding to theta-point tricriticality.
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