CMS HI物理在LHC 2013年3+4及以后
CMS HI Physics at LHC Runs 3+4 and Beyond
摘要：
LHC的重离子（HI）计划已被证明是LHC物理计划的成功和不可或缺的一部分。其主要目的是详细描述铅-铅碰撞中的夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）。利用质子-铅、质子-质子和氙-氙碰撞的额外数据集，该计划还包括许多进展，例如，在理解部分子原子核结构、较小碰撞系统的集体性和电磁相互作用方面。这封兴趣信概述了CMS重离子组关于在未来十年中使用超相对论HI光束以无与伦比的精度表征QGP并探测新的基本物理现象的科学案例的观点。更具体地说，它概述了该领域的开放性问题，这些问题可以通过CMS来解决，旨在通过最近结束的Snowmass 2022演习，向欧洲粒子物理战略提供的投入，以及美国核物理长期计划最后版本的建议延续和扩展，促进美国社区及其国际合作伙伴的参与。
英文摘要：
The heavy ion (HI) program at the LHC has proven to be a successful and indispensable part of the LHC physics program. Its chief aim had been the detailed characterization of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in lead-lead collisions. Using additional data sets of proton-lead, proton-proton, and xenon-xenon collisions, the program has also included many advances, for example, in the understanding of the partonic nuclear structure, collectivity in smaller collision systems, and electromagnetic interactions. This Letter of Interest outlines the CMS Heavy Ion Group point of view regarding the scientific case for the use of ultrarelativistic HI beams in the coming decade to characterize QGP with unparalleled precision and to probe novel fundamental physics phenomena. More specifically, it outlines the open questions in the field which can be addressed with CMS, and aims to promote engagement from the US community and its international partners by building upon the recently concluded Snowmass 2022 exercise, the input provided to the European Strategy for Particle Physics, and proposed continuations and extensions of the last version of the US Long-Range Plan for Nuclear Physics.
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