生物分子行为的热力学力阈值
Thermodynamic force thresholds biomolecular behavior
摘要：
在生命系统中，集体分子行为是由化学梯度形式的热力学力驱动的。利用非平衡物理学领域的最新进展，我表明，单独增加热力学力可以诱导质的新行为。为了证明这一原则，动力学校正和微管组装的一般方程。这些方程表明，新的能力，包括催化调节的稳态行为和指数增强的分子歧视，只有当系统被驱动足够远离平衡，并可以出现在阈值力急剧。无论设计参数，这些结果表明，热力学力设置调谐灵敏度，误差和浪费的基本性能限制。实验数据表明，这些生物分子过程在理论允许的限度内运行。
英文摘要：
In living systems, collective molecular behavior is driven by thermodynamic forces in the form of chemical gradients. Leveraging recent advances in the field of nonequilibrium physics, I show that increasing the thermodynamic force alone can induce qualitatively new behavior. To demonstrate this principle, general equations governing kinetic proofreading and microtubule assembly are derived. These equations show that new capabilities, including catalytic regulation of steady-state behavior and exponential enhancement of molecular discrimination, are only possible if the system is driven sufficiently far from equilibrium, and can emerge sharply at a threshold force. Regardless of design parameters, these results reveal that the thermodynamic force sets fundamental performance limits on tuning sensitivity, error, and waste. Experimental data show that these biomolecular processes operate at the limits allowed by theory.
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