引力光力学：通过引力子交换实现光子-物质纠缠
Gravitational Optomechanics: Photon-Matter Entanglement via Graviton Exchange
AI总结：
本文提出在微扰量子引力框架内，光线弯曲相互作用可通过引力子交换诱导光子-物质纠缠，该机制能区分自旋-2与自旋-0引力子，为量子水平测试引力理论提供了新途径。
摘要：
光在太阳引力场中的偏折是广义相对论最基本的推论之一，也是一个世纪前Eddington首次进行的经典测试之一。然而，尽管它在现代物理学中占据核心地位，但尚未有实验在表观量子机制下对其进行测试，即物质和光均表现出非经典特征的机制。本文表明，只要将引力和物质与量子力学同等对待，引起光线弯曲的相互作用也会诱导光子-物质纠缠。在微扰量子引力框架内的量子光线弯曲相互作用通过表明利用由引力子交换诱导的非线性耦合，已经可以使用光和物质的相干态来生成纠缠态，从而突出了这一点。此外，量子光线弯曲相互作用能够区分自旋-2和自旋-0引力子，因此也为在短距离和量子水平上测试替代引力理论提供了一种方法。我们将通过采用线性熵来估计所生成纠缠的数量级作为结论。具体而言，我们发现放置在以150 Hz运行的10 kg机械振荡器周围、半径为0.25 m的半环形腔，可以使用光波段的拍瓦级激光源生成量级为1的线性熵。虽然所提出的方案超出了当前的实验现实，但它仍然开启了关于在量子水平上测试引力相互作用自旋的讨论。
英文摘要：
The deflection of light in the gravitational field of the Sun is one of the most fundamental consequences for general relativity as well as one of its classical tests first performed by Eddington a century ago. However, despite its center stage role in modern physics, no experiment has tested it in an ostensibly quantum regime where both matter and light exhibit non-classical features. This paper shows that the interaction which gives rise to the light-bending also induces photon-matter entanglement as long as gravity and matter are treated at par with quantum mechanics. The quantum light-bending interaction within the framework of perturbative quantum gravity highlights this point by showing that the entangled states can be generated already with coherent states of light and matter exploiting the non-linear coupling induced by graviton exchange. Furthermore, the quantum light-bending interaction is capable of discerning between the spin-2 and spin-0 gravitons thus also providing a test for alternative theories of gravity at short distances and at the quantum level. We will conclude by estimating the order of magnitude of the entanglement generated by employing the linear entropy. In particular, we find that a half-ring cavity of radius $0.25$ m placed around a $10$ kg mechanical oscillator operating at $150$ Hz, could be used to generate linear entropy of order unity using a petawatt laser source at optical wavelengths. While the proposed scheme is beyond the current experimental realities it nonetheless initiates the discussion about testing the spin of the gravitational interaction at the quantum level.
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