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arXiv 2209.09262astro-ph.GA
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流出流在低质量超导体NGC 3109淬火过程中的双重作用

The Dual Role of Outflows in Quenching Satellites of Low-Mass Hosts: NGC 3109

Christopher T. Garling, Annika H. G. Peter, Kristine Spekkens, David J. Sand, Jonathan Hargis, Denija Crnojević, Jeffrey L. Carlin

摘要:

虽然在该领域观察到的矮星系绝大多数是恒星形成的,但在密度或密度超过银河系的环境中的矮星系绝大多数是淬火的。在本文中,我们探讨淬火在低密度环境中的小麦哲伦星云质量星系NGC 3109($\text{M}_* \sim 10^8 \, \text{M}_\odot$),其中主机两个已知的矮卫星星系(Antlia和Antlia B),这两个都是HI不足相比,在该领域的类似星系,最近停止形成恒星。使用一个新的半解析模型与测得的恒星形成的历史和气体质量的两个矮卫星星系,我们表明,他们不可能被淬火仅仅通过直接冲压压力剥离其星际介质,是常见的在密集的环境。相反,我们发现卫星与原始气体流入的分离,再加上来自卫星的恒星反馈驱动的流出(统称为饥饿淬火模型),可以在与NGC 3109的光环可能的坠落时间一致的时间尺度上淬火卫星。目前认为,饥饿是由“弱”冲压压力造成的,这种压力阻止了低密度、弱束缚的气体吸积到矮卫星上,但不能直接去除密度更大的星际介质。这表明,恒星形成驱动的外流在低质量环境中熄灭卫星时有两个目的:来自宿主的外流形成了一种低密度的环星系介质,不能直接从其卫星上剥离星际介质,但足以从其自身恒星形成驱动的矮卫星上去除松散的气体外流。

英文摘要:

While dwarf galaxies observed in the field are overwhelmingly star-forming, dwarf galaxies in environments as dense or denser than the Milky Way are overwhelmingly quenched. In this paper, we explore quenching in the lower density environment of the Small-Magellanic-Cloud-mass galaxy NGC 3109 ($\text{M}_* \sim 10^8 \, \text{M}_\odot$), which hosts two known dwarf satellite galaxies (Antlia and Antlia B), both of which are HI deficient compared to similar galaxies in the field and have recently stopped forming stars. Using a new semi-analytic model in concert with the measured star formation histories and gas masses of the two dwarf satellite galaxies, we show that they could not have been quenched solely by direct ram pressure stripping of their interstellar media, as is common in denser environments. Instead, we find that separation of the satellites from pristine gas inflows, coupled with stellar-feedback-driven outflows from the satellites (jointly referred to as the starvation quenching model), can quench the satellites on timescales consistent with their likely infall times into NGC 3109's halo. It is currently believed that starvation is caused by "weak" ram pressure that prevents low-density, weakly-bound gas from being accreted onto the dwarf satellite, but cannot directly remove the denser interstellar medium. This suggests that star-formation-driven outflows serve two purposes in quenching satellites in low-mass environments: outflows from the host form a low-density circumgalactic medium that cannot directly strip the interstellar media from its satellites, but is sufficient to remove loosely-bound gaseous outflows from the dwarf satellites driven by their own star formation.

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