SPECULOOS北方天文台：在北方天空中寻找红色世界
SPECULOOS Northern Observatory: searching for red worlds in the northern skies
摘要：
SPECULOOS是一个地面凌日观测项目，由六个相同的1米机器人望远镜组成。该项目的近期目标是探测经过附近超冷矮星（晚M矮星和褐矮星）的温带类地行星，这些行星可能适合用下一代望远镜进行大气研究。在这里，我们报告了该项目的北部对应项目- SPECULOOS北方天文台的发展情况，并介绍了其在2019年年中至2022年年中的前三年运营期间的表现。目前，该天文台由一台名为Artemis的望远镜组成。阿耳忒弥斯望远镜展示了非凡的光度精度，使其能够随时检测超冷矮星周围新的过境类地系外行星。在安装后的头三年期间，我们观察了SPECULOOS目标列表中的96个物体6000小时，典型的光度精度为$0.5\%$，对于相对明亮的不变目标，典型的曝光时间为25秒，达到了$0.2\%$的精度。我们的天气停机时间（云，高风速，高湿度，降水和/或空气中高浓度的灰尘颗粒）在三年内占总夜间时间的30%。我们的实际停机时间是40%，因为与技术问题相关的额外时间损失。
英文摘要：
SPECULOOS is a ground-based transit survey consisting of six identical 1-m robotic telescopes. The immediate goal of the project is to detect temperate terrestrial planets transiting nearby ultracool dwarfs (late M-dwarf stars and brown dwarfs), which could be amenable for atmospheric research with the next generation of telescopes. Here, we report the developments of the northern counterpart of the project - SPECULOOS Northern Observatory, and present its performance during the first three years of operations from mid-2019 to mid-2022. Currently, the observatory consists of one telescope, which is named Artemis. The Artemis telescope demonstrates remarkable photometric precision, allowing it to be ready to detect new transiting terrestrial exoplanets around ultracool dwarfs. Over the period of the first three years after the installation, we observed 96 objects from the SPECULOOS target list for 6000 hours with a typical photometric precision of $0.5\%$, and reaching a precision of $0.2\%$ for relatively bright non-variable targets with a typical exposure time of 25 sec. Our weather downtime (clouds, high wind speed, high humidity, precipitation and/or high concentration of dust particles in the air) over the period of three years was 30% of overall night time. Our actual downtime is 40% because of additional time loss associated with technical problems.
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