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arXiv 2209.07932cs.LG
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Top-Tuning:针对图像分类的迁移学习研究——用快速核方法实现微调的高效替代方案

Top-Tuning: a study on transfer learning for an efficient alternative to fine tuning for image classification with fast kernel methods

University of Genova(热那亚大学);Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia(意大利理工学院);MIT(麻省理工学院)

Paolo Didier Alfano, Vito Paolo Pastore, Lorenzo Rosasco, Francesca Odone

AI总结:

针对深度学习微调成本高的问题,提出仅训练核分类器的top-tuning迁移学习方法,在32个中小型图像数据集上实现与微调相当的准确率,训练时间缩短1-2个数量级。

摘要:

深度学习架构的出色性能与模型复杂度的大幅提升密切相关。这类模型需要调优数百万个参数,训练和推理时间以及能耗都会随之相应增长。但大规模微调是否总是必要的?本文聚焦图像分类任务,研究了一种简单的迁移学习方法:利用预训练卷积特征作为快速训练核方法的输入。我们将该方法命名为\textit{top-tuning}(顶层调优),因为仅核分类器需要在目标数据集上训练。在研究中,我们开展了3000余次训练实验,覆盖32个中小型目标数据集——这正是需要使用迁移学习的典型场景。结果表明,top-tuning方法的准确率与微调相当,而训练时间缩短了1到2个数量级。这些结果说明,在中小型数据集上,top-tuning是微调的有效替代方案,在训练时间效率和计算资源节约至关重要的场景下尤其实用。

英文摘要:

The impressive performance of deep learning architectures is associated with a massive increase in model complexity. Millions of parameters need to be tuned, with training and inference time scaling accordingly, together with energy consumption. But is massive fine-tuning always necessary? In this paper, focusing on image classification, we consider a simple transfer learning approach exploiting pre-trained convolutional features as input for a fast-to-train kernel method. We refer to this approach as \textit{top-tuning} since only the kernel classifier is trained on the target dataset. In our study, we perform more than 3000 training processes focusing on 32 small to medium-sized target datasets, a typical situation where transfer learning is necessary. We show that the top-tuning approach provides comparable accuracy with respect to fine-tuning, with a training time between one and two orders of magnitude smaller. These results suggest that top-tuning is an effective alternative to fine-tuning in small/medium datasets, being especially useful when training time efficiency and computational resources saving are crucial.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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