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arXiv 2209.07572cs.CY
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权力属于人民?开拓性AI的机遇与挑战

Power to the People? Opportunities and Challenges for Participatory AI

Abeba Birhane, William Isaac, Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, Mark Díaz, Madeleine Clare Elish, Iason Gabriel, Shakir Mohamed

摘要:

人工智能(AI)和机器学习(ML)的参与性方法正在获得动力:越来越多的关注部分来自于这样一种观点,即参与性打开了通往包容、公平、强大、负责任和值得信赖的AI的大门。除其他好处外,参与性方法对于理解和充分代表历史上被边缘化的社区的需求、愿望和观点至关重要。然而,目前尚不清楚有意义的参与意味着什么,以及期望参与做些什么。在本文中,我们首先回顾了历史背景下的参与式方法,以及AI和ML管道中的参与式方法和实践。然后,我们介绍了参与式人工智能的三个案例研究。参与具有有益的,解放的和授权的技术设计,开发和部署的潜力,同时也面临着与其他活动的合作和混淆等问题的风险。我们列出了这些限制和担忧,并认为随着参与式AI/ML的流行,对该术语的上下文和细微差别的理解以及对参与活动的主要受益者的考虑应该成为实现参与带来的好处和机会的关键因素。

英文摘要:

Participatory approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are gaining momentum: the increased attention comes partly with the view that participation opens the gateway to an inclusive, equitable, robust, responsible and trustworthy AI.Among other benefits, participatory approaches are essential to understanding and adequately representing the needs, desires and perspectives of historically marginalized communities. However, there currently exists lack of clarity on what meaningful participation entails and what it is expected to do. In this paper we first review participatory approaches as situated in historical contexts as well as participatory methods and practices within the AI and ML pipeline. We then introduce three case studies in participatory AI.Participation holds the potential for beneficial, emancipatory and empowering technology design, development and deployment while also being at risk for concerns such as cooptation and conflation with other activities. We lay out these limitations and concerns and argue that as participatory AI/ML becomes in vogue, a contextual and nuanced understanding of the term as well as consideration of who the primary beneficiaries of participatory activities ought to be constitute crucial factors to realizing the benefits and opportunities that participation brings.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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