中子星中子$^3P_2$超流体中涡旋的邻近效应：涡旋核转变与涡旋分子的共价键合
Proximity effects of vortices in neutron $^3P_2$ superfluids in neutron stars: Vortex core transitions and covalent bonding of vortex molecules
AI总结：
本文研究了中子星$^3P_2$超流体中两个涡旋分子的邻近效应，发现低于临界磁场时分子会通过“共价键”二聚化且涡旋核序由铁磁序转变为循环序，高于临界磁场时则发生极化方向转变。
摘要：
由总角动量$J=2$、自旋三重态和$P$波中子对组成的中子$^3P_2$超流体被认为存在于中子星核心中。在Ginzburg-Landau理论框架内，先前研究发现，单量子涡旋会分裂为两个半量子非阿贝尔涡旋，并由一个（或三个）孤子连接，在没有（或有）平行于它们的磁场时形成带有孤子键的涡旋分子。本文通过穷举所有由四个半量子涡旋组成的双涡旋分子态，并确定磁场和旋转速度跨越的相图，研究了两个涡旋分子的邻近效应。随着旋转速度增加，两个涡旋分子间的距离变短。在低于临界值的磁场中，我们发现随着旋转速度增加，两个分离的涡旋分子转变为二聚化涡旋分子，其中两个涡旋分子由两个孤子桥接，我们类比化学分子将其称为“共价键”。我们还发现，随着涡旋分子靠近，组成半量子涡旋核的序从铁磁序转变为循环序。另一方面，在高于临界值的磁场中不发生二聚化。相反，我们发现当涡旋分子靠近时，其极化方向发生从平行于分离方向到垂直于分离方向的转变。我们还展示了三个和四个涡旋分子态的一些例子。
英文摘要：
Neutron $^3P_2$ superfluids consisting of neutron pairs with the total angular momentum $J=2$ with spin-triplet and $P$-wave are believed to be realized in neutron star cores. Within the Ginzburg-Landau theory it was previously found that a singly quantized vortex is split into two half-quantized non-Abelian vortices connected by one (or three) soliton(s) forming a vortex molecule with the soliton bond(s), in the absence (presence) of magnetic field parallel to them. In this paper, we investigate proximity effects of two vortex molecules by exhausting all possible two vortex molecule states consisting of four half-quantized vortices and determining the phase diagram spanned by the magnetic field and rotation speed. As the rotation speed is increased, the distance between the two vortex molecules becomes shorter. In the magnetic field below the critical value, we find that as the rotation speed is increased, the two separated vortex molecules transit to a dimerized vortex molecule, where the two vortex molecules are bridged by two solitons that we call "covalent bonds" in analogy with chemical molecules. We also find that the orders of the constituent half-quantized vortex cores transit from a ferromagnetic order to a cyclic order as the vortex molecules come closer. On the other hand, no dimerization occurs in the magnetic field above the critical value. Instead, we find a transition for the polarization direction of the vortex molecules from a configuration parallel to the separation to one perpendicular to the separation as they come closer. We also show some examples of three and four vortex molecule states.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
