一种用于综合海洋模型的超参数化方法：像点的平流
A hyper-parameterization method for comprehensive ocean models: Advection of the image point
AI总结：
本文首次将“像点的平流”超参数化方法应用于综合北大西洋环流模型，无需修改模型即可快速重现墨西哥湾流大小尺度特征，显著改善低分辨率解，且支持参考解与真实测量数据作为输入，为海洋建模提供极大灵活性。
摘要：
低分辨率的理想化和综合海洋模型无法重现与高分辨率解中呈现的相似的名义上可分辨的流动结构。尽管存在各种潜在的物理原因，但从动力系统角度来看，所有这些原因都表现为低分辨率轨迹避开了参考解（投影到粗网格上的高分辨率解）所占据的相空间。为了解决这一问题，近期提出了一组超参数化方法，并在理想化海洋模型上进行了成功测试。在这项工作中，我们首次将其中一种超参数化方法（像点的平流）应用于综合的（而非理想化的）北大西洋环流模型。结果表明，该超参数化方法通过重现墨西哥湾流的大尺度和小尺度特征，显著将非涡分辨解向参考涡分辨解方向改善。所提出的方法甚至比粗网格海洋模型的单次运行还要快得多，无需修改模型，且易于实现。此外，该方法不仅可以将参考解作为输入数据，还可以接收来自不同来源（漂流浮标、气象站等）的真实测量数据，或两者的结合。所有这些为使用数学模型和/或测量数据的海洋建模者提供了极大的灵活性。
英文摘要：
Idealized and comprehensive ocean models at low resolutions cannot reproduce nominally-resolved flow structures similar to those presented in the high-resolution solution. Although there are various underlying physical reasons for this, from the dynamical system point of view all these reasons manifest themselves as a low-resolution trajectory avoiding the phase space occupied by the reference solution (the high-resolution solution projected onto the coarse grid). In order to solve this problem, a set of hyper-parameterization methods has recently been proposed and successfully tested on idealized ocean models. In this work, for the first time we apply one of hyper-parameterization methods (Advection of the image point) to a comprehensive, rather than idealized, general circulation model of the North Atlantic. The results show that the hyper-parameterization method significantly improves a non-eddy-resolving solution towards the reference eddy-resolving solution by reproducing both the large- and small-scale features of the Gulf Stream flow. The proposed method is much faster than even a single run of the coarse-grid ocean model, requires no modification of the model, and is easy to implement. Moreover, the method can take not only the reference solution as input data but also real measurements from different sources (drifters, weather stations, etc.), or combination of both. All this offers a great flexibility to ocean modellers working with mathematical models and/or measurements.
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