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arXiv 2209.07077astro-ph.SR
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谱斑面积与太阳黑子面积和数目关系的探讨

Scrutinizing the relationship between plage areas and sunspot areas and numbers

Theodosios Chatzistergos, Ilaria Ermolli, Natalie A. Krivova, Teresa Barata, Sara Carvalho, Jean-Marie Malherbe

摘要:

对过去太阳活动的研究和重建需要关于太阳黑子以及光斑/谱斑和网络的数据。这些数据对于了解太阳和类太阳恒星的磁活动和变化也很重要。最长的直接光斑/谱斑数据集是白光光斑和Ca II K观测,分别可以追溯到1874年和1892年。在此之前,唯一可用的直接数据是太阳黑子。我们重新评估了自1892年以来的斑区和太阳黑子记录(面积和数量)之间的关系,以重建光斑/斑区,这些光斑/斑区可以用于更早的研究,即在仅进行太阳黑子观测的时期。我们使用来自38个一致处理的钙II K档案以及基于这些档案的复合谱区的谱区。我们发现,谱斑和太阳黑子面积和数量之间的关系是很好地表示的幂律函数。我们进一步发现,这种关系依赖于带宽和太阳周期强度。重建与幂律关系是在良好的协议与原来的海滩面积系列,而就业的周期强度依赖关系,提高重建只有轻微的。对其他以前发表的海滩面积系列进行相同的分析,通常来自一个单一的档案与不同的处理技术,当使用不同的时间序列时,返回不同的结果。这突出表明了对各种档案进行一致处理的重要性,并表明了使用以前出版的系列所带来的不确定性。我们的研究结果对过去的太阳活动和辐照度重建以及恒星活动的研究,有时假设谱斑和太阳黑子面积之间的线性关系的影响。

英文摘要:

Studies and reconstructions of past solar activity require data on sunspots as well as faculae/plage and network. Such data are also important for understanding the magnetic activity and variability of the Sun and Sun-like stars. The longest available direct faculae/plage datasets are white-light facular and Ca II K observations going back to 1874 and 1892, respectively. Prior to that time, the only direct data available are for sunspots. We reassess the relationship between plage areas and sunspot records (areas and numbers) since 1892, to allow reconstructions of facular/plage areas which can be employed for studies going further back in time, i.e. over the period when solely sunspot observations are available. We use the plage areas derived from 38 consistently processed Ca II K archives as well as the plage area composite based on these archives. We find the relationship between plage and sunspot areas and numbers to be well represented by a power law function. We further find that the relationships depend on the bandwidth and the solar cycle strength. The reconstructions with a power law relationship are in good agreement with the original plage area series, whereas employment of a cycle-strength-dependent relationship improves the reconstructions only marginally. Performing the same analysis on other previously published plage area series, usually derived from a single archive with diverse processing techniques, returns different results when using different time series. This highlights the importance of applying a consistent processing to the various archives and demonstrates the uncertainties introduced by using previously published series. Our results have implications for past solar activity and irradiance reconstructions as well as for stellar activity studies, which sometimes assume a linear dependence between plage and sunspot areas.

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