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arXiv 2209.05591astro-ph.EP
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67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko彗星水和二氧化碳产生率的模拟

Modelling the water and carbon dioxide production rates of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Björn J. R. Davidsson, Nalin H. Samarasinha, Davide Farnocchia, Pedro J. Gutiérrez

摘要:

2014-2016年欧洲航天局罗塞塔/菲莱彗星67 P/丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科任务是迄今为止对彗星进行的最全面和最多样化的调查。然而,彗星的许多物理和化学性质仍然不确定或未知,彗星活动仍然不是一个很好理解的现象。在这里,我们试图把约束的核丰度和升华前深度的H2O和CO2冰,并重建如何在近日点通过的核演变。我们采用的热物理模拟代码“数值冰小天体演化模拟器”,或NIMBUS,搜索条件下,所观察到的H2O和CO2的生产率同时再现近日点之前和之后。我们发现,相对原始的核物质的耐火材料与水冰的质量比为μ ~1,大气降物质的质量比为μ ~2,CO_2相对于H_2O的摩尔丰度接近30%,尘幔厚度一般<2cm。远日点附近的平均CO2升华锋深度在北半球和南半球分别为~3.8 m和~1.9 m,但随时间变化很大。我们建议,在远日点通道的空气降落材料受到大量的碎片和粉碎,由于热疲劳。由于近日点附近的CO2活动,物质的次表面压实似乎以可测量的方式降低了扩散率。

英文摘要:

The European Space Agency Rosetta/Philae mission to Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014-2016 is the most complete and diverse investigation of a comet carried out thus far. Yet, many physical and chemical properties of the comet remain uncertain or unknown, and cometary activity is still not a well-understood phenomenon. We here attempt to place constraints on the nucleus abundances and sublimation front depths of H2O and CO2 ice, and to reconstruct how the nucleus evolved throughout the perihelion passage. We employ the thermophysical modelling code 'Numerical Icy Minor Body evolUtion Simulator', or NIMBUS, to search for conditions under which the observed H2O and CO2 production rates are simultaneously reproduced before and after perihelion. We find that the refractories to water-ice mass ratio of relatively pristine nucleus material is mu~1, that airfall material has mu~2, and that the molar abundance of CO2 relative H2O near 30 per cent. The dust mantle thickness is typically < 2 cm. The average CO2 sublimation front depths near aphelion were ~3.8 m and ~1.9 m on the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively, but varied substantially with time. We propose that airfall material is subjected to substantial fragmentation and pulverisation due to thermal fatigue during the aphelion passage. Sub-surface compaction of material due to CO2 activity near perihelion seems to have reduced the diffusivity in a measurable way.

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