Deep reinforcement learning is a technique for solving problems in a variety of environments, ranging from Atari video games to stock trading. This method leverages deep neural network models to make decisions based on observations of a given environment with the goal of maximizing a reward function that can incorporate cost and rewards for reaching goals. With the aim of pathfinding, reward conditions can include reaching a specified target area along with costs for movement. In this work, multiple Deep Q-Network (DQN) agents are trained to operate in a partially observable environment with the goal of reaching a target zone in minimal travel time. The agent operates based on a visual representation of its surroundings, and thus has a restricted capability to observe the environment. A comparison between DQN, DQN-GRU, and DQN-LSTM is performed to examine each models capabilities with two different types of input. Through this evaluation, it is been shown that with equivalent training and analogous model architectures, a DQN model is able to outperform its recurrent counterparts.
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology（莫斯科物理技术学院）；Moscow Aviation Institute（莫斯科航空学院）；Artificial Intelligence Research Institute FRC CSC RAS（俄罗斯科学院联邦科学研究中心计算机科学与控制研究所人工智能研究院）
In this paper, we consider the problem of multi-agent navigation in partially observable grid environments. This problem is challenging for centralized planning approaches as they, typically, rely on the full knowledge of the environment. We suggest utilizing the reinforcement learning approach when the agents, first, learn the policies that map observations to actions and then follow these policies to reach their goals. To tackle the challenge associated with learning cooperative behavior, i.e. in many cases agents need to yield to each other to accomplish a mission, we use a mixing Q-network…
Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) is believed to have much higher sample efficiency compared to model-free algorithms by learning a predictive model of the environment. However, the performance of MBRL highly relies on the quality of the learned model, which is usually built in a black-box manner and may have poor predictive accuracy outside of the data distribution. The deficiencies of the learned model may prevent the policy from being fully optimized. Although some uncertainty analysis-based remedies have been proposed to alleviate this issue, model bias still poses a great challeng…
We introduce POGEMA (https://github.com/AIRI-Institute/pogema) a sandbox for challenging partially observable multi-agent pathfinding (PO-MAPF) problems . This is a grid-based environment that was specifically designed to be a flexible, tunable and scalable benchmark. It can be tailored to a variety of PO-MAPF, which can serve as an excellent testing ground for planning and learning methods, and their combination, which will allow us to move towards filling the gap between AI planning and learning.
The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）
Efficient integration of uncertain observations with decision-making optimization is key for prescribing informed intervention actions, able to preserve structural safety of deteriorating engineering systems. To this end, it is necessary that scheduling of inspection and monitoring strategies be objectively performed on the basis of their expected value-based gains that, among others, reflect quantitative metrics such as the Value of Information (VoI) and the Value of Structural Health Monitoring (VoSHM). In this work, we introduce and study the theoretical and computational foundations of the…
Text-based games are a natural challenge domain for deep reinforcement learning algorithms. Their state and action spaces are combinatorially large, their reward function is sparse, and they are partially observable: the agent is informed of the consequences of its actions through textual feedback. In this paper we emphasize this latter point and consider the design of a deep reinforcement learning agent that can play from feedback alone. Our design recognizes and takes advantage of the structural characteristics of text-based games. We first propose a contextualisation mechanism, based on acc…
University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
Auctions with partially-revealed information about items are broadly employed in real-world applications, but the underlying mechanisms have limited theoretical support. In this work, we study a machine learning formulation of these types of mechanisms, presenting algorithms that are no-regret from the buyer's perspective. Specifically, a buyer who wishes to maximize his utility interacts repeatedly with a platform over a series of $T$ rounds. In each round, a new item is drawn from an unknown distribution and the platform publishes a price together with incomplete, "masked" information about …
Understanding the thermal behavior of additive manufacturing (AM) processes is crucial for enhancing the quality control and enabling customized process design. Most purely physics-based computational models suffer from intensive computational costs and the need of calibrating unknown parameters, thus not suitable for online control and iterative design application. Data-driven models taking advantage of the latest developed computational tools can serve as a more efficient surrogate, but they are usually trained over a large amount of simulation data and often fail to effectively use small bu…
Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；Data Science Institute, Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学数据科学研究所）
This paper proposes the TrafficFlowGAN, a physics-informed flow based generative adversarial network (GAN), for uncertainty quantification (UQ) of dynamical systems. TrafficFlowGAN adopts a normalizing flow model as the generator to explicitly estimate the data likelihood. This flow model is trained to maximize the data likelihood and to generate synthetic data that can fool a convolutional discriminator. We further regularize this training process using prior physics information, so-called physics-informed deep learning (PIDL). To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose an inte…
This paper introduces, for the first time to our knowledge, physics-informed neural networks to accurately estimate the AC-OPF result and delivers rigorous guarantees about their performance. Power system operators, along with several other actors, are increasingly using Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithms for a wide number of applications, including planning and real-time operations. However, in its original form, the AC Optimal Power Flow problem is often challenging to solve as it is non-linear and non-convex. Besides the large number of approximations and relaxations, recent efforts have a…
Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；Data Science Institute, Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学数据科学研究所）
Traffic state estimation (TSE), which reconstructs the traffic variables (e.g., density) on road segments using partially observed data, plays an important role on efficient traffic control and operation that intelligent transportation systems (ITS) need to provide to people. Over decades, TSE approaches bifurcate into two main categories, model-driven approaches and data-driven approaches. However, each of them has limitations: the former highly relies on existing physical traffic flow models, such as Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) models, which may only capture limited dynamics of real-wor…
Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；Tel Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）；National Renewable Energy Laboratory（国家可再生能源实验室）
The precise knowledge regarding the state of the power grid is important in order to ensure optimal and reliable grid operation. Specifically, knowing the state of the distribution grid becomes increasingly important as more renewable energy sources are connected directly into the distribution network, increasing the fluctuations of the injected power. In this paper, we consider the case when the distribution grid becomes partially observable, and the state estimation problem is under-determined. We present a new methodology that leverages a deep neural network (DNN) to estimate the grid state…
Enhancing Symbolic Regression and Universal Physics-Informed Neural Networks with Dimensional Analysis
Cheriton School of Computer Science（切尔顿计算机科学学院）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering（电气与计算机工程系）；University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学）；Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department（电气工程与计算机科学系）；Department of Applied Mathematics（应用数学系）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay（印度理工学院孟买分校）；Center for Machine Intelligence and Data Science (CMINDS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay（印度理工学院孟买分校机器智能与数据科学中心（CMINDS））
We introduce a class of Sparse, Physics-based, and partially Interpretable Neural Networks (SPINN) for solving ordinary and partial differential equations (PDEs). By reinterpreting a traditional meshless representation of solutions of PDEs we develop a class of sparse neural network architectures that are partially interpretable. The SPINN model we propose here serves as a seamless bridge between two extreme modeling tools for PDEs, namely dense neural network based methods like Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) and traditional mesh-free numerical methods, thereby providing a novel mean…
On the Role of Consistency Between Physics and Data in Physics-Informed Neural Networks
ETSIAE-UPM-School of Aeronautics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid（西班牙马德里理工大学航空航天工程学院）；Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems (IFISC, CSIC-UIB)（跨学科物理与复杂系统研究所）；Center for Computational Simulation, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid（马德里理工大学计算模拟中心）
