工会是否在工作中塑造政治意识形态？
Do Unions Shape Political Ideologies at Work?
AI总结：
本文研究工会化如何通过影响工人和管理层的政治捐款倾向，塑造其政治意识形态，发现工会化导致捐款向左转移，尤其在管理层中更为明显。
摘要：
工会不仅通过与雇主谈判工作合同影响经济结果，还通过政治活动深刻塑造政治体系。在有工会的职场中，他们可能动员并改变既参与工会的工人和非工会管理层的意识形态立场。本文分析了工会化对工人和管理层政治竞选捐款的影响。我们将企业层面的工会选举数据与交易层面的竞选捐款数据联系起来，涵盖美国联邦和地方候选人。通过双重差分设计，经回归不连续性测试和一种新的工具变量方法验证，我们发现工会化导致竞选捐款向左移动。工会化不仅增加了工人对民主党相对于共和党的支持，尤其是在管理层中更为明显，表明管理层逐渐趋同于工人的政治偏好。这些效果在工会与雇主互动更合作的环境中更显著，例如当工会选举未被不公平劳动实践指控挑战且导致集体谈判协议时。
英文摘要：
Labor unions influence economic outcomes not only through bargaining with employers over work contracts but also via political activities that can profoundly shape political systems. In unionized workplaces, they may mobilize and change the ideological positions of both unionizing workers and their non-unionizing management. In this paper, we analyze the workplace-level impact of unionization on workers' and managers' political campaign contributions. We link establishment-level union election data with transaction-level campaign contributions to federal and local candidates in the United States. Using a difference-in-differences design, validated through regression discontinuity tests and a novel instrumental variable approach, we find that unionization leads to a leftward shift of campaign contributions. Unionization increases support for Democrats relative to Republicans not only among workers but especially among managers, suggesting that managers converge toward workers' political preferences. The effects are stronger in settings with more cooperative union-employer interactions, such as when union elections are not contested by an unfair labor practice charge and result in a collective bargaining agreement.
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