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arXiv 2209.02447astro-ph.HE
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吸积脉冲星Cen X-3的X射线偏振观测

The X-ray polarimetry view of the accreting pulsar Cen X-3

Sergey S. Tsygankov, Victor Doroshenko, Juri Poutanen, Jeremy Heyl, Alexander A. Mushtukov, Ilaria Caiazzo, Alessandro Di Marco, Sofia V. Forsblom, Denis Gonzál… 展开作者

Sergey S. Tsygankov, Victor Doroshenko, Juri Poutanen, Jeremy Heyl, Alexander A. Mushtukov, Ilaria Caiazzo, Alessandro Di Marco, Sofia V. Forsblom, Denis González-Caniulef, Moritz Klawin, Fabio La Monaca, Christian Malacaria, Herman L. Marshall, Fabio Muleri, Mason Ng, Valery F. Suleimanov, Rashid A. Sunyaev, Roberto Turolla, Iván Agudo, Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stefano Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez, Niccolò Bucciantini, Fiamma Capitanio, Simone Castellano, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Stefano Ciprini, Enrico Costa, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Laura Di Gesu, Niccolò Di Lalla, Immacolata Donnarumma, Michal Dovčiak, Steven R. Ehlert, Teruaki Enoto, Yuri Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Javier A. Garcia, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Wataru Iwakiri, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Vladimir Karas, Takao Kitaguchi, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Henric Krawczynski, Luca Latronico, Ioannis Liodakis, Simone Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Frédéric Marin, Andrea Marinucci, Alan P. Marscher, Giorgio Matt, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Tsunefumi Mizuno, C. -Y. Ng, Stephen L. O'Dell, Nicola Omodei, Chiara Oppedisano, Alessandro Papitto, George G. Pavlov, Abel L. Peirson, Matteo Perri, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Pierre-Olivier Petrucci, Maura Pilia, Andrea Possenti, Simonetta Puccetti, Brian D. Ramsey, John Rankin, Ajay Ratheesh, Roger W. Romani, Carmelo Sgrò, Patrick Slane, Paolo Soffitta, Gloria Spandre, Toru Tamagawa, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Roberto Taverna, Yuzuru Tawara, Allyn F. Tennant, Nicolas E. Thomas, Francesco Tombesi, Alessio Trois, Jacco Vink, Martin C. Weisskopf, Kinwah Wu, Fei Xie, Silvia Zane

摘要:

Cen X-3是50年前发现的第一颗X射线脉冲星。由于在强磁场的存在下与光子传播相关的等离子体和真空的双折射,预期来自这样的物体的辐射是高度偏振的。在这里,我们提出的结果进行的观测与成像X射线偏振探测器的岑X-3。该源表现出显着的通量变化,并观察到在两个国家不同的因素~20通量。在低光度状态下,在脉冲相位平均(3 $σ$上限为12%)或相位分辨数据(3 $σ$上限为20-30%)中均未发现显著的偏振。在明亮状态下,从相位平均数据的光谱偏振分析测量到偏振度为5.8 $\pm$ 0.3%,偏振角为$49.6°\pm1.5°$,显著性为约20 $σ$。相位分辨分析表明,光通量与偏振度之间存在显著的反相关关系,偏振角变化也很大。与旋转矢量模型的拟合表明,脉冲星自旋轴的位置角约为49 $°$,磁饱和度为17 $°$。如果中子星表面的上层被吸积物质过热,并且偏振模式的转换发生在上层热层和较冷的底层大气之间的过渡区域内,则可以解释检测到的相对低的偏振。一部分偏振信号也可以由来自中子星表面和吸积幕的辐射反射产生。

英文摘要:

Cen X-3 is the first X-ray pulsar discovered 50 years ago. Radiation from such objects is expected to be highly polarized due to birefringence of plasma and vacuum associated with propagation of photons in presence of the strong magnetic field. Here we present results of the observations of Cen X-3 performed with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. The source exhibited significant flux variability and was observed in two states different by a factor of ~20 in flux. In the low-luminosity state no significant polarization was found either in pulse phase-averaged (with the 3$σ$ upper limit of 12%) or phase-resolved data (the 3$σ$ upper limits are 20-30%). In the bright state the polarization degree of 5.8$\pm$0.3% and polarization angle of $49.6°\pm1.5°$ with significance of about 20$σ$ was measured from the spectro-polarimetric analysis of the phase-averaged data. The phase-resolved analysis showed a significant anti-correlation between the flux and the polarization degree as well as strong variations of the polarization angle. The fit with the rotating vector model indicates a position angle of the pulsar spin axis of about 49$°$ and a magnetic obliquity of 17$°$. The detected relatively low polarization can be explained if the upper layers of the neutron star surface are overheated by the accreted matter and the conversion of the polarization modes occurs within the transition region between the upper hot layer and a cooler underlying atmosphere. A fraction of polarization signal can also be produced by reflection of radiation from the neutron star surface and the accretion curtain.

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