颗粒补偿、信息和碳定价促进DER部署
Granular Compensation, Information, and Carbon Pricing Promote DER Deployment
摘要：
分布式能源（DER）的社会有效部署，例如，屋顶太阳能，取决于潜在的零售电力政策。目前关于DER政策的争论，包括净能源计量（NEM）变体，围绕着制定反映价值的补偿政策，这些政策可以加快DER部署，同时防止DER采用者和非采用者之间的潜在成本转移。然而，这些争论大多忽略了DER的时间和空间粒度价值，市场失灵（例如，DER利益相关者之间的信息不对称）和外部性（例如，二氧化碳排放）。在本文中，我们开发了一个具有信息不对称的博弈论方法来研究采用颗粒DER补偿政策的效率影响，例如，价值堆栈和分销位置边际价格，而不是NEM与统一零售费率。我们发现，颗粒补偿政策导致更有效的市场结果比NEM下，即使在信息不对称的存在下，从而避免了干预的需要。碳定价与分散的DER补偿相结合，为DER投资者/聚合者提供了最准确的价格信号，并带来了最高的社会福利。
英文摘要：
The socially efficient deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), e.g., rooftop solar, depends on the underlying retail electricity policies. Current debates on DER policies, including Net Energy Metering (NEM) variants, center around developing value-reflective compensation policies that can expedite DER deployment while preventing potential cost shifts between DER adopters and non-adopters. However, these debates mostly ignore the temporally- and spatially- granular value of DERs, market failures (e.g., information asymmetry among DER stakeholders) and externalities (e.g., carbon-dioxide emissions). In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic approach with information asymmetry to examine efficiency implications of adopting granular DER compensation policies, e.g., value stacks and distributional locational marginal price, instead of NEM with flat retail rates. We show that granular compensation policies result in more efficient market outcomes than under NEM, even in the presence of information asymmetry, thus avoiding the need for interventions. Combined with granular DER compensation, carbon pricing provides the most accurate price signal to DER investors/aggregators, and leads to the highest social welfare.
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