周期势可极大提升由主动涨落诱导的自由粒子输运
Periodic potential can enormously boost free particle transport induced by active fluctuations
AI总结：
该研究发现周期势能大幅提升主动涨落诱导的自由粒子输运效率，这一反直觉效应可解释活细胞内微管的输运作用，且能通过光学周期势下的胶体粒子实验验证。
摘要：
主动涨落因自推进机制或与主动环境的碰撞，在越来越多的系统中被探测到。它们驱动系统远离平衡态，并能引发平衡态下被涨落耗散关系、细致平衡对称性等所禁止的现象。理解它们在生命物质中的作用正成为物理学的一项挑战。本文我们展示了一种反直觉效应：当粒子额外受到周期势作用时，由主动涨落诱导的自由粒子输运可被提升多个数量级。相比之下，在仅存在热涨落的情况下，施加偏置的自由粒子的速度在开启周期势时会降低。所提出的机制对于理解活细胞等非平衡环境具有重要意义，它能从基本角度解释为何被称为微管的空间周期性结构是产生极为高效的胞内输运所必需的。我们的发现可通过实验轻松验证，例如在包含处于光学生成周期势中的胶体粒子的装置中开展验证。
英文摘要：
Active fluctuations are detected in a growing number of systems due to self-propulsion mechanisms or collisions with active environment. They drive the system far from equilibrium and can induce phenomena which at equilibrium states are forbidden by e.g. fluctuation-dissipation relations and detailed balance symmetry. Understanding of their role in living matter is emerging as a challenge for physics. Here we demonstrate a paradoxical effect in which a free particle transport induced by active fluctuations can be boosted by many orders of magnitude when the particle is additionally subjected to a periodic potential. In contrast, within the realm of only thermal fluctuations the velocity of a free particle exposed to a bias is reduced when the periodic potential is switched on. The presented mechanism is significant for understanding nonequilibrium environments such as living cells where it can explain from a fundamental point of view why spatially periodic structures known as microtubules are necessary to generate impressively effective intracellular transport. Our findings can be readily corroborated experimentally e.g. in a setup comprising a colloidal particle in an optically generated periodic potential.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
