目标坍缩方程保持守恒律不需要新常数
Objective Collapse Equation Maintains Conservation Laws With No New Constants
摘要：
为了将测量过程的描述纳入量子理论的数学结构中，人们提出了薛定谔方程的修正版本。通常，这些建议引入了新的物理常数，并暗示着对动量和能量守恒的微小违反。这些有问题的特征可以通过假设波函数崩溃是由建立系统之间相关性的个体相互作用引起的来消除。在波函数的相互作用分支和非相互作用分支之间产生足够数量的微小的、随机的振幅位移，就可以在与我们的宏观经验一致的尺度上引起坍缩。两粒子相互作用的势能可以作为基础的崩溃项添加到薛定谔方程。相互作用的范围决定了坍缩效应的距离尺度;势能与粒子总相对论能量的比值决定了振幅移动的大小，而相互作用进行的速率则决定了时间参数。在个别实验中保持与守恒定律的一致性，因为塌缩算子自动考虑到被测系统与先前在相互作用期间交换守恒量的系统之间的小的残余纠缠。守恒定律对动量和轨道角动量是精确的，并且在非相对论性理论中描述的能量的有限形式所允许的精确度内，它对能量也成立。
英文摘要：
Modified versions of the Schrödinger equation have been proposed in order to incorporate the description of measurement processes into the mathematical structure of quantum theory. Typically, these proposals introduce new physical constants, and imply small violations of momentum and energy conservation. These problematic features can be eliminated by assuming that wave function collapse is induced by the individual interactions that establish correlations between systems. The generation of a sufficient number of small, random shifts of amplitude between interacting and noninteracting branches of the wave function can bring about collapse on a scale consistent with our macroscopic experience. Two-particle interaction potential energies can be used as the basis for a collapse term added to the Schrödinger equation. The range of the interactions sets the distance scale of the collapse effects; the ratio of potential energies to the total relativistic energies of the particles determines the magnitude of the amplitude shifts, and the rate at which the interactions proceed fixes the timing parameters. Consistency with conservation laws in individual experiments is maintained because the collapse operator automatically takes into account the small, residual entanglement between the measured system and systems with which it has previously exchanged conserved quantities during interactions. Conservation is exact for momentum and orbital angular momentum, and it holds for energy within the accuracy allowed by the limited forms of energy describable in nonrelativistic theory.
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