Bacterial biofilms collectively develop distinct and ordered structures, including fibers, bundles, and branches. Often, it is unclear how these structural motifs convey specific advantages to bacterial strains under challenging conditions. In oxygen-limited environments, dense bacterial aggregates generally deplete oxygen, which leads to arrest of bacterial growth. However, we observed that biofilm-forming Bacillus subtilis could use branching patterns to escape from these crowded regions by tracking the oxygen gradient. The process depends on the chain-forming ability of the biofilm. As a result of collective branching triggered by bending and mechanical buckling, bacteria can extend from the oxygen-depleted biofilm core to the oxygen available periphery. Remarkably, these bacterial branches are strongly chiral and curve in a clockwise direction. Our analysis revealed that the surface friction and axial rotation of the twisting cell wall break left-right symmetry on solid surfaces and drive chiral bending of bacterial chains. We further observed that the chirality of individual branches could propagate across a large scale and shape the macroscopic morphology of the colony under a limited spatiotemporal growth profile. Taken together, our results provide new insights into how simple physical interactions lead to bacterial collaboration and promote the survival of biofilm-forming strains in challenging environments.
University of Luxembourg(卢森堡大学);Indian Institute of Technology Delhi(德里印度理工学院);Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf(杜塞尔多夫海因里希·海涅大学);Max Rubner-Institut(马克斯·鲁布纳研究所)
Tunable mesoscopic numerical model for bacterial biofilms
Universitat de Barcelona(巴塞罗那大学);Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC)(复杂系统跨学科小组 (GISC));Universidad Complutense de Madrid(马德里康普顿斯大学);Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(马德里理工大学)
Rheology of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms: from experiments to DPD mesoscopic modelling
细菌生物膜在临床和工业环境中的存在是世界范围内的一个主要问题。生物膜是一种粘弹性基质,由细菌组成,产生细菌交联的胞外聚合物(EPS)网络。复杂的生物膜的建模是相关的,以提供准确的描述和预测,包括参数的流体力学,细菌种群的动力学和溶质的质量传输。然而,最新的数值模拟,即使在粗粒度的水平,是不能令人满意的。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个数值粗粒模型的细菌生物膜,由细菌浸入在一个聚合物网络的含水基质,允许研究生物膜的流变特性。我们研究了其粘弹性模量、不同的拓扑结构和组成(如EPS聚合物之间的交联数量、细菌数量和溶剂量),并将数值结果与在静态和振荡条件下生长的荧光假单胞菌生物膜的实验流变数据进行比较,如Jara等人先前在Frontiers in Microbiology(2021)中所述。
Studies of protein adsorption on implant materials in relation to biofilm formation I. Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Polypropylene and High density Polyethylene in presence of serum albumin
Nonlinear Inclusion Theory with Application to the Growth and Morphogenesis of a Confined Body
对材料力学行为研究最著名的贡献之一是J. D. Eshelby在50年代后期彻底改变了我们对弹性应力和应变场的理解,这是由于椭圆形夹杂物/不均匀性经历了形状和尺寸的转变。虽然Eshelby的工作为各个领域的重大进步奠定了基础,包括断裂力学、相变理论和均匀化方法,但其扩展到大变形范围以及材料可以主动重组的情况。响应有限的转变应变,处于新生状态。除了高度非线性材料响应所带来的理论困难之外,一个主要的障碍是缺乏实验观察,可以阐明这种机制中出现的复杂性。为了解决这一限制,我们的实验观察揭示了嵌入水凝胶中的霍乱弧菌生物膜的关键形态发生步骤,因为它们从初始大小增长了四个数量级。使用生物膜生长作为案例研究,我们的理论模型考虑了各种生长情况,并采用两种不同的和互补的方法-最小的分析模型和有限元计算-获得近似平衡的解决方案。一个特别强调的是把确定的自然生长路径的夹杂物,优化其形状响应的限制,并在矩阵中,这一起解释所观察到的行为的生物膜的损伤的发病。除了细菌生物膜,这项工作揭示了力学在确定受限生长体的形态发生途径中的作用,因此适用于自然和工程材料系统中普遍存在的广泛现象。