原核生物中GC含量的r/K选择
r/K selection of GC content in prokaryotes
摘要：
原核生物基因组的GC含量具有物种特异性，其值为16%至77%。对于GC含量选择的多样性，目前没有公认的解释。我们分析了已知的GC含量，基因组大小和氨基酸成本之间的相关性，在数千个原核生物，连同新的或最近汇编的数据，细胞的形状和体积，重复次数，运动，营养同化，孢子形成，防御机制和革兰氏染色。GC含量整合以及这些性状的r/K选择理论时，表型可塑性考虑。高GC含量的原核生物由于较低的平均氨基酸代谢成本和较小的细胞体积而具有较便宜的后代，由于鞭毛和芽孢杆菌形式而定殖于不稳定的环境，并且在资源机会主义和保护自己免受各种危害的能力方面是多面手。低GC含量的原核生物是专门用于稳定环境的K-策略者，其通过高成本的外细胞膜和内生孢子形成来维持体内平衡，作为对营养缺乏的响应，并获得更高的营养/生物质产量。高GC含量原核生物的较低蛋白质组成本是由富含GC的密码子和遗传密码中较便宜的氨基酸之间的关联驱动的，而GC含量和基因组大小之间的相关性可能部分是由于由r/K选择驱动的基因组功能库的转变。总之，我们表明原核生物GC含量的分子多样性和相应的物种多样性〈动〉性<动>可能是生态r/K选择的结果
英文摘要：
The GC content of prokaryotic genomes is species-specific and takes values from 16 to 77 percent. There are currently no accepted explanations for this diversity of selection for GC content. We analyzed the known correlations between GC content, genome size and amino acid cost in thousands of prokaryotes, together with new or recently compiled data on cell shape and volume, duplication times, motility, nutrient assimilation, sporulation, defense mechanisms and Gram staining. GC content integrates well with these traits into r/K selection theory when phenotypic plasticity is considered. High GC content prokaryotes are r-strategists with cheaper descendants thanks to a lower average amino acid metabolic cost and a smaller cell volume, colonize unstable environments thanks to flagella and a bacillus form and are generalists in terms of resource opportunism and the ability to defend themselves from various hazards. Low GC content prokaryotes are K-strategists specialized for stable environments that maintain homeostasis via a high-cost outer cell membrane and endospore formation as a response to nutrient deprivation and attain a higher nutrient-to-biomass yield. The lower proteome cost of high GC content prokaryotes is driven by the association between GC-rich codons and cheaper amino acids in the genetic code, while the correlation between GC content and genome size may be partly due to a shift in the functional repertoire of genomes driven by r/K selection. In all, we show that molecular diversity in the GC content of prokaryotes and the corresponding species diversity may be a consequence of ecological r/K selection
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