关于群上压缩函数及其在同态加密中的应用
On Compression Functions over Groups with Applications to Homomorphic Encryption
AI总结:
本文系统研究了群上满足特定条件的压缩函数,证明其在可解群上不存在,并在 A_5 上构造出最短表达式,从而给出更高效的 FHE 构造归约。
摘要:
全同态加密(FHE)使实体能够在不解密 ciphertexts 的情况下对加密数据执行任意计算。一种正在发展的群论方法利用由给定有限群 G 上的群运算实现的某种“压缩”函数 F(x) 来构造 FHE 方案,该函数满足 F(1) = 1 且 F(σ) = F(σ^2) = σ,其中 σ∈G 是某个 3 阶元素。先前的工作仅通过启发式方法给出了对称群 G = S_5 上此类函数的一个例子。在本文中,我们系统地研究了此类函数在各种群上存在的可能性。我们证明,在任何可解群 G(例如 Abel 群以及较小的对称群 S_n,n ≤ 4)上都不存在这样的函数。我们还在交错群 G = A_5 上构造了这样一个函数,并且该函数具有最短可能的表达式。此外,通过使用这个新函数,我们将 FHE 方案的构造归约到群 A_5 上的同态加密方案的构造,这比先前已知的归约更高效。
英文摘要:
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables an entity to perform arbitrary computation on encrypted data without decrypting the ciphertexts. An ongoing group-theoretical approach to construct an FHE scheme uses a certain "compression" function $F(x)$ implemented by group operations on a given finite group $G$, which satisfies that $F(1) = 1$ and $F(σ) = F(σ^2) = σ$ where $σ\in G$ is some element of order $3$. The previous work gave an example of such a function over the symmetric group $G = S_5$ by just a heuristic approach. In this paper, we systematically study the possibilities of such a function over various groups. We show that such a function does not exist over any solvable group $G$ (such as an Abelian group and a smaller symmetric group $S_n$ with $n \leq 4$). We also construct such a function over the alternating group $G = A_5$ that has a shortest possible expression. Moreover, by using this new function, we give a reduction of a construction of an FHE scheme to a construction of a homomorphic encryption scheme over the group $A_5$, which is more efficient than the previously known reductions.
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