用中微子振荡层析术揭示外核成分
Unveiling the outer core composition with neutrino oscillation tomography
摘要：
在过去的70年里，地球物理学已经确定，地球的外核是一种含有百分之几轻元素的铁镍合金，其性质和数量今天仍然存在争议。除了硅和氧的经典组合，氢被认为是唯一可以单独解释外核密度和速度分布的轻元素。在这里，我们将展示如何从一个独立的角度来解决这个问题，通过利用大气中微子，在大气中产生的弱相互作用的粒子，并不断穿越地球提供的层析成像信息。我们评估了即将到来的一代大气中微子探测器的潜力，这样的测量，表明他们可以有效地检测到存在的1重量%的氢在FeNi核心在50年的伴随数据。然后，我们确定了下一代探测器在几年时间尺度内执行此测量的主要要求，并进一步能够在不到15年的时间内有效区分FeNiH和FeNiSi（x）O（y）模型。
英文摘要：
In the last 70 years, geophysics has established that the Earth's outer core is an FeNi alloy containing a few percent of light elements, whose nature and amount remain controversial today. Besides the classical combinations of silicon and oxygen, hydrogen has been advocated as the only light element that could account alone for both the density and velocity profiles of the outer core. Here we show how this question can be addressed from an independant viewpoint, by exploiting the tomographic information provided by atmospheric neutrinos, weakly-interacting particles produced in the atmosphere and constantly traversing the Earth. We evaluate the potential of the upcoming generation of atmospheric neutrino detectors for such a measurement, showing that they could efficiently detect the presence of 1 wt% of hydrogen in an FeNi core in 50 years of concomitant data taking. We then identify the main requirements for a next-generation detector to perform this measurement in a few years timescale, with the further capability to efficiently discriminate between FeNiH and FeNiSi(x)O(y) models in less than 15 years.
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